李涛 袁国徽 钱振官 范洁群

摘要 为了明确浙沪小麦田杂草发生情况及优势杂草控制技术，采用唐氏五级目测法和随机取样計数法相结合的方法，对上海和浙江的116块冬小麦田杂草进行了抽样调查，同时采用盆栽试验和田间小区试验测定了7种除草剂对主要危害杂草的防效。结果表明，浙沪冬小麦田共调查到杂草43种，隶属于14科，其中菊科杂草种类最多，有10种，其次是禾本科杂草9种，再次是石竹科杂草5种。杂草群落组成以禾本科杂草为主，优势杂草为日本看麦娘Alopecurus japonicus Steud.、菵草Beckmannia syzigachne （Steud.） Fern.、棒头草Polypogon fugax Nees ex Steud.、硬草Sclerochloa dura （L.） Beauv.、早熟禾Poa annua L.、鹅肠菜Myosoton aquaticum （L.） Moench、救荒野豌豆Vicia sativa L.、猪殃殃Galium spurium L.和小藜Chenopodium ficifolium Smith。室内除草活性及田间药效试验结果表明，日本看麦娘可用15%炔草酯WP、5%唑啉草酯EC、30 g/L甲基二磺隆OD和4%啶磺草胺OD防除;菵草优先选择15%炔草酯WP和5%唑啉草酯EC进行防除;棒头草选择15%炔草酯WP、5%唑啉草酯EC和69 g/L精噁唑禾草灵EW进行防除;硬草优先选择15%炔草酯WP、5%唑啉草酯EC、30 g/L甲基二磺隆OD和69 g/L精噁唑禾草灵EW进行防除;早熟禾选择30 g/L甲基二磺隆OD、4%啶磺草胺OD和50%异丙隆WP进行防除;野燕麦优先选择15%炔草酯WP、5%唑啉草酯EC和69 g/L精噁唑禾草灵EW进行防除。

关键词 杂草防除;小麦;杂草群落;优势杂草;除草剂

中图分类号： S451.221

文献标识码： B

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2021111

Abstract Weed investigation，pot experiments and field trials were conducted to determine the weed occurrence and control techniques of major weeds in wheat fields. The results showed that there were 43 weed species in winter wheat fields in Zhejiang and Shanghai， belonging to 14 families. Among them， the species of Asteraceae weeds is the largest with 10 species， followed by Poaceae weeds with nine species， and Caryophyllaceae weeds with five species. The composition of the weed community was dominated by Poaceae weeds， and the major weeds were Alopecurus japonicus Steud.， Beckmannia syzigachne （Steud.） Fern.， Polypogon fugax Nees ex Steud.， Sclerochloa dura （L.） Beauv.， Poa annua L.， Myosoton aquaticum （L.） Moench， Vicia sativa L.， Galium spurium L.and Chenopodium ficifolium Smith. Green house and field experiments showed that clodinafop-propargyl 15% WP， pinoxaden 5% EC， mesosulfuron-methyl 30 g/L OD， and pyroxsulam 4% OD had excellent control efficacy on A.japonicas， clodinafop-propargyl 15% WP and pinoxaden 5% EC showed excellent control efficacy on B.syzigachne， clodinafop-propargyl 15% WP， pinoxaden 5% EC and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl 69 g/L EW could be selected for the control of P.fugax， clodinafop-propargyl 15% WP， pinoxaden 5% EC， mesosulfuron-methyl 30 g/L OD and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl 69 g/L EW were preferentially used for the control of S.dura， mesosulfuron-methyl 30 g/L OD， pyroxsulam 4% OD and isoproturon 50% WP showed good control efficacy on P.annua， and clodinafop-propargyl 15% WP， pinoxaden 5% EC， and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl 69 g/L EW could be used to control A.fatua in wheat fields.

Key words weed control;wheat;weed community;dominant weed;herbicideF1684D04-843B-4E09-9908-8F37A251DDA8

小麦是我国第三大粮食作物，常年种植面积稳定在2 000万hm2以上，仅次于玉米和水稻[1-3]。杂草与小麦竞争光照、空间和养分，影响小麦产量和品质，是制约小麦生产的重要生物因子。我国每年因杂草危害造成小麦减产15%左右，年损失40亿kg[4-5]。小麦田杂草种类繁多，据报道，河北省冬小麦田杂草有61种[6]，山东省小麦田杂草有69种[7]，湖北省冬小麦田杂草有39种[8]。……