孙兰兰 杨慕菡 苏旺苍 徐洪乐 薛飞 鲁传涛 吴仁海

摘要 小麦田除草剂的长期使用，造成麦田杂草群落发生变化。为建立不同区域优势杂草种类的化学防除技术，本研究采用室内盆栽法测定了14种除草剂对11种冬小麦田阔叶杂草的防除效果。结果表明，灭草松可以较好地防除冬小麦田野老鹳草、牛繁缕、大巢菜、紫堇、小藜、阿拉伯婆婆纳、播娘蒿、猪殃殃、麦家公等阔叶杂草;吡草醚对野老鹳草、牛繁缕、小藜、阿拉伯婆婆纳、播娘蒿、猪殃殃、麦家公、荠菜等8种杂草防效突出。辛酰溴苯腈可很好地防除牛繁缕、大巢菜、小藜、阿拉伯婆婆纳、播娘蒿、麦家公等6种阔叶杂草;唑草酮对野老鹳草、牛繁缕、阿拉伯婆婆纳、播娘蒿、猪殃殃等5种杂草防效突出。这4种除草剂及其适用浓度与其他供试药剂相比杀草谱更为广泛，对阔叶杂草防效较好。根据不同区域优势杂草种类，合理选用高效除草剂进行防除。

关键词 小麦田;阔叶杂草;除草剂;防效

中图分类号： S451.221

文献标识码： B

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2021176

Abstract The weed community of wheat-field were diversifying in recent years as a result of long-time use of chemical herbicides. In order to screen effective herbicides for the chemical control of broadleaf weeds in winter wheat field， greenhouse experiments were conducted with 14 herbicides. The results revealed that bentazone was effective in controlling Geranium carolinianum， Myosoton aquaticum， Vicia sinogigantea， Corydalis edulis， Chenopodium ficifolium， Veronica persica， Descurainia sophia，Galium spurium and Lithospermum arvense. Pyraflufen-ethyl was effective in controlling eight broadleaf weeds， namely G.carolinianum， M.aquaticum， C.ficifolium， V.persica， D.sophia， G.spurium， L.arvense and C.bursa-pastori. Bromoxynil octanoate was effective in controlling six broadleaf weeds， namely M.aquaticum， V.sinogigantea， C.ficifolium， V.persica， D.sophia and L.arvense. Carfentrazone-ethyl was effective in controlling five broadleaf weeds， namely G.carolinianum， M.aquaticum， V.persica， D.sophia and G.spurium. Compared with other tested herbicides， these four herbicides have a wider herbicidal spectrum at applicable concentrations and better control effects on broadleaf weeds. According to the dominant weed species in different regions， high-efficiency herbicides were reasonably selected for weed control.

Key words wheat field;broadleaf weeds;herbicides;control effect

小麥是我国三大粮食作物之一，而河南省是我国最大的小麦生产区，2019年小麦种植面积达570.6万hm2，总产量达3 742万t，占全国小麦产量的28%[1]。麦田杂草是造成小麦产量损失的重要因素之一，我国麦田杂草种类有200多种，草害面积约占小麦种植面积的30%以上，损失约占小麦总产的15%，达100亿kg[2]。河南省小麦田主要杂草有17种，其中禾本科杂草4种，阔叶杂草13种，阔叶杂草猪殃殃Galium spurium、荠菜Capsella bursa-pastoris、牛繁缕Myosoton aquaticum、播娘蒿Descurainia sophia、泽漆Euphorbia helioscopia、婆婆纳Veronica polita、野老鹳草Geranium carolinianum、大巢菜（大野豌豆）Vicia sinogigantea在河南省发生较为普遍，成为小麦田恶性阔叶杂草[3-5]。……