饶镭 邹子玉 刘浪 罗娟 李保同

摘要 為明确50%双环磺草酮SC及其混剂35%双环磺草酮·五氟磺草胺·苄嘧磺隆SC对稻田主要杂草的防治效果及其安全性，采用茎叶喷雾法试验了50%双环磺草酮SC及其混剂对杂草的防效和对供试籼稻和粳稻生长的安全性。结果表明：50%双环磺草酮SC施用剂量为300 g/hm2时，药后35 d杂草株防效为65.38%～90.79%，对供试籼稻和粳稻安全，当使用剂量增加到487.5 g/hm2时，对供试籼稻‘泰丰优736产生明显药害，水稻植株叶片白化枯死，植株较矮，分蘖数少;当使用剂量增加到600 g/hm2时，供试粳稻（‘甬优1538）发生轻微药害，而当使用剂量增加到975 g/hm2时，供试籼稻发生严重药害，药害率和死亡率分别为58.83%～68.59%和44.17%～62.18%，减产75.48%～75.55%;有13.89%～19.08%的供试粳稻产生药害，减产19.35%～21.70%。双环磺草酮单独施用时对稻田杂草具有较好的防治效果，但对水稻安全性较差，不适合在籼稻田施用，在粳稻田的推荐施用量为300～487.5 g/hm2。35%双环磺草酮·五氟磺草胺·苄嘧磺隆SC在210～315 g/hm2施用剂量下对供试籼稻和粳稻安全，药后15 d和35 d对稻田阔叶类杂草和其他杂草的株防效和鲜重防效均在92%以上，对禾本科杂草的株防效和鲜重防效分别在77.86%～98.52%和76.85%～94.98%，对供试籼稻和粳稻品种均具有一定的增产效果，与空白对照相比，分别增产5.31%～23.77%和19.78%～26.88%。本着高效经济安全的原则，35%双环磺草酮·五氟磺草胺·苄嘧磺隆SC在稻田推荐用量为210～262.5 g/hm2，于水稻移栽后杂草萌发期施用。

关键词 双环磺草酮;五氟磺草胺;苄嘧磺隆;防效;安全性

中图分类号： S451.21

文献标识码： B

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2021066

Abstract In order to clarify the control effect and safety of benzobicyclon 50% SC and its mixture benzobicyclon·penoxsulam·bensulfuron-methyl 35% SC on the main weeds in paddy fields， a stem and leaf spray method was used to test the control effect of benzobicyclon 50% SC and its mixture on weeds and its safety on the growth of indica and japonica rices. The results showed that， when benzobicyclon 50% SC was applied at a dose of 300 g/hm2， the control effect on weed plants was 65.38% to 90.79% 35 days after the treatment， which was safe for the tested indica and japonica rices. When the dose increased to 487.5 g/hm2， the tested indica rice ‘Taifengyou 736 showed obvious phytotoxic symptoms： the leaves of rice plants were bleached and died， and the plants were dwarf， and the number of tillers was small;when the dosage was increased to 600 g/hm2， the tested japonica rice ‘Yongyou 1538 exhibited slight phytotoxic symptoms;when the dosage was increased to 975 g/hm2， the tested indica rice suffered serious phytotoxicity， with an injury rate and mortality of 58.83%-68.59% and 44.17%-62.18%， respectively， and the yield was reduced by 75.48%-75.55%. In contrast， the tested japonica rice showed an injury rate of 13.89%-19.08%， and the yield was reduced by 19.35%-21.70%. Benzobicyclon alone had a good control effect on rice field weeds， but with a poor level of safety on rice. It is not suitable for application in indica rice fields. The recommended dose for benzobicyclon alone in japonica rice fields was 300-487.5 g/hm2， but for benzobicyclon·penoxsulam·bensulfuron-methyl 35% SC， it was 210-315 g/hm2， which was safe for the tested indica and japonica rice. The plant control effect and fresh weight control effect against broad-leaved weeds and other weeds in paddy fields 15 days and 35 days after application were both above 92%， while those against Gramineous weeds were 77.86%-98.52% and 76.85%-94.98%， respectively， but with a yield increase effect on the tested indica and japonica rice varieties to some extent： compared with the negative control， the yield was increased by 5.31%-23.77% and 19.78%-26.88%， respectively. Based on the principles of high efficiency， economy and safety， the recommended dosage for benzobicyclon·penoxsulam·bensulfuron-methyl 35% SC in paddy fields is 210-262.5 g/hm2， and it should be applied during the weed germination period after rice transplantation.5694CAD6-5319-4D70-9CE8-1A0831F542B3

Key words benzobicyclon;penoxsulam;bensulfuron methyl;control efficacy;safety

江西省地处我国华东地区，全省气候温暖，雨量充沛，为亚热带湿润气候，粮食主要以水稻为主，然而，杂草一直制约水稻的生产。……