路娜 张婷婷 包亚君 陆秀君 郭巍 赵丹

摘要 花生害虫是影响花生产量和品质的重要因素。近年来，刺吸类害虫为害日益加重，蓟马科害虫为害也呈逐年上升趋势，直接影响了花生产业的发展。本研究采用色板诱集法分别对黄淮海4省7个地区花生产区昆虫种类和优势种发生动态进行调查分析。结果共鉴定出昆虫93种，隶属于6目67科，其中，缨翅目在个体数量上占优势地位，为黄淮海花生产区的优势昆虫;对黄淮海7个地区黄板诱集昆虫种类特征指数进行了分析，多样性指数在0.680 4～1.583 9范围内，均匀度指数在0.235 7～0.518 1之间，优势集中性指数在0.313 2～0.740 0之间。根据形态学特征，确定黄板诱集花生田害虫优势种为西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis，明確其发生高峰期为6月下旬。本研究为黄淮海花生产区主要刺吸类害虫的科学防控提供理论基础。

关键词 色板诱集;昆虫种类;优势种;西花蓟马

中图分类号： S435.652

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2021157

Abstract The damage of peanut pests is an important factor that affects the yield and quality of peanut. In recent years， the harm of sucking insects is becoming more serious， and Thripidae pests is also increasing year by year， which directly affects the development of peanut industry. In this study， the occurrence dynamics of insect species in peanut fields in seven regions of four provinces in Huang-Huai-Hai region were investigated and analyzed by color trap method. The dominant species and population dynamics of the insects were analyzed. The results showed that 93 species of insects were identified in this area， belonging to 67 families of six orders and the number of Thysanoptera predominated in individual populations， which are dominant species of insects in Huang-Huai-Hai region. Analysis on the characteristics of the insects community structure in peanut fields showed that the diversity index was in the range of 0.680 4-1.583 9， the uniformity index was in the range of 0.235 7-0.518 1 and the dominant concentration index was in the range of 0.313 2-0.740 0. According to the morphological characteristics， the dominant species of pests in peanut field lured by yellow sticky trap was Frankliniella occidentalis， and the occurring peak period of F.occidentalis was in late June. The study provided a theoretical basis for the scientific prevention and control the main sucking pests in the peanut fields in Huang-Huai-Hai region.

Key words color trap;insect species;dominant species;Frankliniella occidentalis

花生Arachis hypogaea L.是我国重要的油料和经济作物，其产量及贸易量均居世界重要地位，其中黄淮海地区是我国重要的花生产区之一。杨丽萍等根据黄淮海区域气温适宜、雨水充沛及土壤有机质含量丰富，将其划分为中国花生种植生态最适宜区之一，其中山东省和河南省花生种植面积的总量约占全国种植面积的40%[1]。近几年随着花生种植面积的逐渐扩大以及栽培制度的改革，花生害虫的发生与为害日趋严重。据报道，花生田害虫种类较多，主要包括地下害虫和地上害虫，虽然地下害虫为害严重，但地上害虫的危害也不容小觑，其不仅取食造成空洞或缺刻，有些地上害虫还可传播病害。……