茶翅蝽成虫对不同植物种类的选择偏好性
2022-06-07徐元潘洪生修春丽杨益众陆宴辉
徐元 潘洪生 修春丽 杨益众 陆宴辉



摘要 茶翅蝽是一种重要的农林害虫,近年来在我国的发生为害程度呈现加重趋势。本文通过田间小区试验和室内行为研究,评价了茶翅蝽成虫对不同植物种类的选择偏好程度。在田间25科115种植物中,84种植物上调查到茶翅蝽成虫,种群发生密度整体较低,但寒麻、芝麻、红麻、籽粒苋、向日葵、大豆、白花菜等植物上成虫密度相对偏高。在室内Y型嗅觉仪测试中,与空白对照相比,茶翅蝽雌雄成虫对苗期和花期的向日葵、大豆、白花菜植株气味均表现出了明显的趋好行为。上述研究结果为深入解析我国茶翅蝽区域分布与发生消长规律提供了科学依据。
关键词 茶翅蝽;成虫密度;寄主偏好;行为选择;植物挥发物
中图分类号: Q968.1
文献标识码: A
DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2021162
Abstract Halyomorpha halys (Stl) is an important pest in agriculture and forestry, and its occurrence and damage have been increasing in recent years. In this paper, we evaluated the host preference of H.halys adults to different plant species by field-plot trial and laboratory behavioral bioassay. Among 115 plant species from 25 families in field plots in 2014 and 2016, H.halys adults were found on 84 host plants, and the population densities of H.halys adults were generally low, but the population abundance of H.halys adults on Cannabis sativa was the highest, followed by Sesamum indicum, Hibiscus cannabinus, Amaranthus hypochondriacus, Helianthus annuus, Glycine max, and Cleome gynandra. Meanwhile, the adults showed obvious preference to three host plants (i.e., H. annuus, G. max and C. gynandra) at both seedling and flowering stages when compared with the blank control in Y-tube bioassay. These results provide scientific basis for further analysis of the regional distribution and occurrence pattern of H.halys in China.
Key words Halyomorpha halys;adult density;host preference;behavioral choice;plant volatile
茶翅蝽Halyomorpha halys (Stl) 属半翅目蝽科,是一种世界性多食性害虫,可为害果树、蔬菜、粮油作物、林木等[1-3]。茶翅蝽成虫和若虫均可取食为害,以其刺吸式口器刺入果实、植物枝条和嫩叶吸取汁液。在果园,果实被害后轻则会呈现部分凹陷斑,重则可造成果实畸形,严重影响水果的品质和质量[4-5]。严重发生时,梨果被害率可达30%~100%,桃果被害率在50%以上,苹果在10%~40%[6]。2010年,茶翅蝽在美国为害导致苹果产业损失高达3 700万美元[7]。
茶翅蝽在中国、朝鲜、韩国和日本属于原发性种类[8],除了在新疆和青海没有报道外,茶翅蝽在我国其他地区均有发生[1,9]。20世纪90年代以来,茶翅蝽相继传入美国、加拿大和欧洲多国,并有继续扩散成为世界性害虫的趋势[2,10]。……
