郭业先 练涛 田龙艳 柳军 邱华龙 秦长生 赵丹阳 徐金柱

摘要 广宁红花油茶作为重要的油茶作物，在种植过程中受到广寄生的严重危害。为阻断广寄生的传播和蔓延，为广寄生的防控提供技术支撑，对广寄生开花结实特性与防控药剂开展了研究。对广东省樟木头林场广寄生开花结实动态的定点监测结果表明：广寄生的花期为7月-12月，果实成熟期为9月-翌年2月，花果期长达7个月以上。通过喷淋法研究4种植物生长调节剂对广寄生及寄主广宁红花油茶生长的影响，以筛选防控广寄生的化学制剂。结果表明：选用的30%胺鲜·乙烯利水剂、5%萘乙酸水剂、50%丁酰肼可溶性粉剂及0.1%S-诱抗素水剂4种植物生长调节剂对广宁红花油茶上的广寄生均有一定的防控作用，其中30%胺鲜·乙烯利水剂的防控效果显著优于其他药剂，1∶400的处理防效最优，且未对红花油茶产生明显药害。

关键词 广宁红花油茶;广寄生;开花结实动态;化学防控

中图分类号： S453

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2021108

Abstract Taxillus chinensis is a perennial parasitic seed plant which seriously harms Camellia semiserrata in Zhangmutou Forest Farm， Guangdong province. In order to completely prevent and control T.chinensis， the flowering and fruiting characteristics and control pesticides were investigated in this essay. The results showed that the flowering phase of T.chinensis was from July to December， and the fruit mature period was from September to February of the following year. The flowering and fruiting period was more than seven months. Four plant hormones， diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate·ethephon 30% AS， 1-naphthylacetic acid 5% AS， daminozide 50% SP abscisic acid 0.1% AS were used to control T.chinensis on C.semiserrata. The results showed that all the four plant hormones exhibited significant control effect on T.chinensis， and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate·ethephon 30% AS was the best choice. Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate·ethephon 30% AS diluted 400-fold was a suitable dosage to accelerate the flower-drop and fruit-drop of T.chinensis and harmless to the growth of C.semiserrata.

Key words Camellia semiserrata;Taxillus chinensis; floral and seed dynamic;chemical control

广宁红山茶Camellia semiserrata属山茶科Theaceae山茶属常绿乔木，又名广宁红花油茶、南山茶。广宁红山茶在我国长江以南各省均有栽培，集中分布在华南丘陵区中部，为我国华南区域优良的木本食用油料和園林绿化树种[1]。广东省樟木头林场广宁红花油茶林为广东省乃至全国现存面积最大、历史最悠久的广宁红花油茶人工林[2]。目前该区域内广宁红花油茶林被广寄生Taxillus chinensis严重危害，受害植株生长势较弱，部分枝条枯死，严重影响景观和结实，林场内油茶鲜籽产量在未受害年份可达13万kg，受广寄生危害后年产量仅1万余kg。……