凌金锋 彭埃天 姜子德 习平根 宋晓兵 程保平 崔一平 黄峰 陈霞

摘要 荔枝麻点病，俗称“鸭头绿”，其病原菌为暹罗刺盘孢Colletotrichum siamense，其典型症状为产生黑褐色麻点状小斑点，病斑周围常形成绿色斑，是炭疽病的一种症状类型。然而，生产中也存在一些与麻点病相似的症状，加之文献少有相关记述，常被误认为是麻点病。为明确这些易混淆症状与荔枝麻点病的区别，经多年的田间观察，发现这些易混淆症状多是生理性病害或虫害引起。本文就荔枝麻点病及其易混淆症状进行了汇总，记述了各自的症状、成因及其防治方法，并提供了相应的症状照片，为荔枝麻点病及这些易混淆症状的正确识别和精准防控提供了参考。

关键词 荔枝麻点病;易混淆症状;病害防治

中图分类号： S436.67

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2021113

Abstract Litchi pepper spot disease， commonly known as yatoulü （meaning ‘greenness in duck head）， caused by Colletotrichum siamense， with typical symptoms of black spots and sometimes green patches formed around them， is a type of litchi anthracnose. However， there exist some symptoms similar to litchi pepper spot disease in the field， which were rarely mentioned in the literatures and frequently mistaken for litchi pepper spot disease. In order to differentiate litchi pepper spot disease from the easily confused symptoms of litchi fruits， we conducted field observation for years， and found that most of these easily confused symptoms were resulted from physiological diseases or insect attacks. Here， litchi pepper spot disease and the easily confused symptoms were summarized， with the descriptions of their symptoms， causes and prevention methods. The photographs of the symptoms were also provided. Therefore， it would be beneficial to accurate identification and field control of litchi pepper spot disease and the easily confused symptoms.

Key words litchi pepper spot disease;easily confused symptom;disease control

2019年，荔枝麻點病被确定为暹罗刺盘孢Colletotrichum siamense引起的炭疽病[1]，在生产中越来越被果农所熟知，但不同荔枝产区的果农对这一病害症状的认识仍千差万别。荔枝麻点病的一个显著特征就是在病果上会产生黑褐色芝麻点状小斑点，且病斑周围果皮常保持一定的绿色形成绿色斑，故生产上也常称作“鸭头绿”[1]。然而，生产上也存在一些具有黑褐斑或绿色斑的“病”果，人们常将其误认为是荔枝麻点病，导致在防治上未能对症下药，造成经济损失。鉴于这一情况，作者经多年的田间观察，将在生产上常见的、与荔枝麻点病易混淆的几种症状进行了汇总和分析，结果如下。

1 荔枝麻点病