王晓琪 周亚媛 冯朝阳 左成 卜亚莉 何运转

摘要 为了明确异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis Pallas对柴胡明蚜Hyadaphis bupleuri Brner的捕食作用及防治潜力。本文在室内测定了异色瓢虫4龄幼虫和雌、雄成虫对柴胡明蚜的捕食功能反应、寻找效应和自身密度干扰反应。研究结果表明，异色瓢虫4龄幼虫及雌、雄成虫的功能反应均属Holling Ⅱ型，其中雌、雄成虫的捕食能力（a/ Th）较强，分别为222.7和199.3，捕食上限（1/ Th）最大，分别为190头/d和182头/d。异色瓢虫对柴胡明蚜的捕食量与猎物密度呈正相关，但寻找效应与猎物密度呈负相关。异色瓢虫自身密度对其捕食作用的干扰效果明显，天敌密度与其对柴胡明蚜的捕食量呈负相关，反应符合Watt模型。异色瓢虫对柴胡明蚜有较强的生物防治潜能。

关键词 异色瓢虫;柴胡明蚜;天敌;捕食;功能反应;生物防治

中图分类号： S476

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2021189

Abstract This study aimed to determine the predation of Harmonia axyridis against Hyadaphis bupleuri and evaluate the potential use of H.axyridis in controlling H.bupleuri. Laboratory experiments were performed to study the functional response， searching efficiency and interfere response of H.axyridis to H.bupleuri. The results showed that the functional response of the 4th instar larvae and adults of H.axyridis to H.bupleuri fitted Holling Ⅱ model. The female and male adults of H.axyridis showed higher predatory capacity， with an a/Th value of 222.7 and 199.3， and a 1/Th value of 190 and 182 individuals per day， respectively. The predatory capacity of H.axyridis was positively correlated with the prey density， while its searching efficiency was negatively related with the prey density. The interference response existed in the predation of H.axyridis against H.bupleuri， which could be described by the Watt model. In conclusion， H.axyridis had a strong potential for biocontrol of H.bupleuri.

Key words Harmonia axyridis;Hyadaphis bupleuri;natural enemy;preying;functional response;biocontrol

柴胡Bupleurum chinense Dc.是伞形科多年生草本植物，主产于甘肃、山西、陕西和河北，是药典规定的法定品种[1]。柴胡作为临床常用中药材，具有解热、镇痛、利胆等功效，常用于治疗感冒发烧、寒热往来、疟疾等病症[2]。有统计表明，柴胡在中药材使用中位列前三，年用量约1万t[3]。据统计，目前河北省种植面积已达到1.3万hm2。

随着柴胡种植面积的不断扩大，其病虫害发生日趋严重，频繁发生的虫害大大降低了柴胡的产量与品质，严重制约了柴胡产业的发展。通过本课题组前期系统调查发现，蚜虫为柴胡田的主要害虫之一，经室内鉴定主要为胡萝卜微管蚜Semiaphis heraclei、桃蚜Myzus persicae和柴胡明蚜Hyadaphis bupleuri，其中柴胡明蚜的发生量极大。……