俞佳宁 束长龙 田小燕 张杰

摘要 昆虫的寄主定位、产卵选择、聚集、求偶等行为受到来自昆虫周围环境的挥发性气味化合物的影响和调控。研究挥发物对昆虫行为的影响作用主要采用Y形嗅觉仪等行为检测装置，而研究挥发物对鳞翅目幼虫的影响作用却缺乏专业、高效的装置。本研究设计制作了研究鳞翅目幼虫行为的高效选择装置，适用于高效筛选对鳞翅目幼虫具有引诱、驱避等作用的挥发物。小菜蛾3龄幼虫的行为选择测试结果表明，对小菜蛾幼虫引诱最强的植物为大白菜，其次是油菜和甘蓝;花生叶片对小菜蛾幼虫没有作用;而番茄叶片对小菜蛾幼虫则具有驱避作用。由此说明该装置可以有效测定小菜蛾幼虫对不同挥发物的反应，将为挥发物对昆虫行为的影响研究、进而筛选新的化合物来控制虫害提供新的技术支持。

关键词 小菜蛾;选择装置;嗅觉;挥发物

中图分类号： Q968.1

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2021121

Abstract The behaviors of insect including host location， oviposition selection， aggregation and courtship are all regulated by the volatile compounds from the environment. The Y-tube olfactometer and other olfactometers are mainly used to study the effects of volatiles on the behavior of insects， but few professional and efficient devices for studying the effects of volatiles on lepidopteran larvae are available. In this study， an efficient selection device for studying the behavior of lepidopteran larvae was designed， which is suitable for efficient screening of volatile compounds with attractant and repellent effects on lepidopteran larvae. The results of behavioral selection test using the third-instar larvae of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella showed that Chinese cabbage had the strongest attraction to the larvae in all of the samples we tested， followed by rape and cabbage. Meanwhile， peanut leaves showed no effect on diamondback moth larvae， while tomato leaves had a repellent effect on diamondback moth larvae. These results indicated that this device could effectively measure and distinguish the behavioral response of diamondback moth larvae to different volatiles. This device provides a new technical support for studying the effects of volatiles on insect behaviors and screening new compounds to control insect pests.

Key words Plutella xylostella;selection device;olfaction;volatile compounds

昆虫在不同的发育阶段，灵敏的嗅觉感受系统可以接受来自周围环境中的各种化學信息素，帮助昆虫进行寄主定位，求偶，选择产卵场所，寻找合适的栖息地等[1-4]。例如，小菜蛾成虫能够依靠十字花科作物释放的芥子油即异硫氰酸酯类挥发物对寄主进行定位[5];而桉树和针叶树释放的萜烯类物质则会对小菜蛾性信息素释放和响应产生不利影响[6]。对昆虫嗅觉行为的研究可为害虫发生、为害机制解析奠定基础，并为害虫预测预报和绿色防控提供新的思路和手段。……