石明明 李惠霞 刘永刚 李文豪 倪春辉 韩变 连芸芸 姜伟

摘要 为明确甘肃省党参根结线虫病的发生、分布及病原种类，在甘肃省党参主产区调查、统计田间根结线虫病发生情况，并通过形态学和分子生物学方法进行种类鉴定。结果表明，甘肃省6个党参主产区均有根结线虫病发生，病田率、病株率分别为40.7%、13.2%，病情指数为10.4。依据根结线虫各虫态的形态测量值和雌虫会阴花纹等特征，将危害党参的根结线虫初步鉴定为北方根结线虫Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood，1949。rDNA-ITS区段和28S rDNA D2D3区段序列比对和系统发育树显示，6个根结线虫群体无核苷酸差异，与多个北方根结线虫聚为一支且有较高的置信度。利用特异性引物Mh-F/Mh-R扩增得到北方根结线虫的特异性片段，大小为462 bp。故综合形态学和分子生物学特征，将危害甘肃省党参的根结线虫鉴定为北方根结线虫。

关键词 党参;北方根结线虫;鉴定;发生

中图分类号： S435.67

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2021203

Abstract In order to clarify the occurrence， distribution and species of the root-knot nematode disease of Codonopsis pilosula in Gansu， China， the disease incidence in the field of C.pilosula was surveyed in main growing areas of Gansu province， and the species was identified using morphological and molecular biological methods. The results showed that root-knot nematode disease occurred in six main growing areas of C.pilosula. It was found that 40.7% of fields and 13.2% of plants were infected， and the disease index was 10.4. Based on morphometrics of nematodes and perineal patterns of females， the nematodes were identified as Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood， 1949. Sequence alignment of rDNA-ITS and 28S rDNA D2D3 and phylogenetic analysis revealed that there was no difference in nucleotide among six populations of root-knot nematodes on C.pilosula， which clustered with M.hapla with high confidence. Moreover， a specific fragment of 462 bp in size was obtained from the tested samples using the specific primers Mh-F/Mh-R. Therefore， the root-knot nematode infecting C.pilosula in Gansu was identified as M.hapla by using morphological and molecular methods.

Key words Codonopsis pilosula;Meloidogyne hapla;identification;occurrence

黨参Codonopsis pilosula （Franch.） Nannf.为桔梗科党参属植物[1]，是中国传统名贵中药材。其味甘、性平，临床上常用于补中益气、止渴、健脾益肺和养血生津[2]。甘肃省是我国党参的主产区，有“千年药乡”之称[3]，据统计，党参种植面积约为4.22万 hm2，总产量达10 250万 kg，居于全国前列[4]。甘肃省因其独特的地理条件，所产党参主根肥大粗壮、肉质甜味重香气浓，销往东南沿海各大城市，广受欢迎[5]。近年来，党参市场需求量增加，种植面积也不断扩大，党参病害日益严重，常见病害有根腐病、锈病、紫纹羽病、白粉病和霜霉病[4]，但对党参线虫病报道较少。……