李貌 张金龙 闫振华 刘娜 黄禹禹 陈国华 张晓明

摘要 为探讨瓜实蝇Zeugodacus cucurbitae和南亚实蝇Zeugodacus tau对寄主植物的选择性及寄主植物对其种群的适合度。在室内观察记录瓜实蝇和南亚实蝇幼虫在黄瓜Cucumis sativus、丝瓜Luffa aegyptiaca 和西葫芦Cucurbita pepo 3种寄主果实上的幼虫历期、蛹历期和存活率等生长发育参数，同时测定两种实蝇成虫在3个黄瓜品种‘A38翠玉’‘台湾大黄瓜’和‘唐山秋瓜’有无果皮两种状态下的产卵量。结果表明，瓜实蝇和南亚实蝇幼虫取食同种果实或同种实蝇取食不同寄主果实后幼虫的发育历期、化蛹率和存活率均无显著差异;但取食西葫芦后，两种实蝇的蛹历期分别为12.30 d和12.77 d，均显著长于取食黄瓜和丝瓜。且南亚实蝇的羽化率为70.59%，显著高于瓜实蝇在3种寄主果实上的羽化率。不同品种黄瓜中，瓜实蝇偏向于选择‘A38翠玉’品种产卵，在果实完好和去果皮条件下日均产卵量分别达87.50粒和53.75粒，均显著高于南亚实蝇在3个黄瓜品种上的日均产卵量;南亚实蝇更偏好在去果皮的‘A38翠玉’果实上产卵，日均产卵量达44.25粒。对同一黄瓜品种，瓜实蝇在有果皮或无果皮的果实上的日均产卵量均差异显著，但南亚实蝇在两类果实上的产卵量差异均不显著。瓜实蝇和南亚实蝇幼虫期取食不同寄主果实会对蛹历期和羽化率造成影响，且两种实蝇成虫在相同寄主不同品种上的产卵选择性不同。

关键词 瓜实蝇;南亚实蝇;生长发育;产卵选择;寄主适应性

中图分类号： S433

文獻标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2021198

Abstract In order to clarify the selectivity of Zeugodacus cucurbitae and Zeugodacus tau to host plants and the suitability of host plants to their populations. The parameters of growth and development such as larval duration， pupal duration and survival rate of Z.cucurbitae and Z.tau larvae on Cucumis sativus， Luffa cylindrica and Cucurbita pepo fruits were observed and recorded under laboratory condition. Meanwhile， the fecundity of Z.cucurbitae and Z.tau adults was recorded on three different C.sativus varieties including ‘A38Cuiyu’ ‘Taiwandahuanggua’ and ‘Tangshanqiugua’ with or without peel. The results showed that there were no significant differences in larval developmental duration， pupation rate， and survival rate of Z.cucurbitae and Z.tau when feeding on the same or different host fruits. However， the pupal duration of these two insect species was significantly prolonged after feeding on C.pepo， which were 12.30 d and 12.77 d， respectively， and Z.tau had the highest emergence rate （70.59%）， significantly higher than that of Z.cucurbitae on these three host fruits species. Among different cucumber varieties， Z.cucurbitae preferred to choose ‘A38Cuiyu’ to lay eggs， and the average number of eggs laid per day in the fruit with or without peel were 87.50 eggs and 53.75 eggs， respectively， which were significantly higher than that of Z.tau on three cucumber varieties. However， Z.tau prefer to lay eggs on ‘A38Cuiyu’ in the fruits without peel， and the average number of eggs laid per day was 44.25 eggs. For the same cucumber varieties， the average number of eggs laid per day by Z.cucurbitae on fruit with or without peel were significantly different， but there no significant difference was observed in the oviposition of Z.tau on two kinds of fruits. The pupal duration and emergence rate were affected by different host fruits at larval stage， and the oviposition selectivity of the two fruit flies to different varieties of the same host was different.

Key words Zeugodacus cucurbitae;Zeugodacus tau;growth development;oviposition selection;host adaptation

实蝇为双翅目Diptera实蝇科Tephritidae昆虫种类的泛称，全世界已知实蝇共约500属5 000种，其广泛分布于热带、亚热带和温带地区，在中国约有400种[1]。……