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温度对茶银尺蠖成虫寿命和产卵量的影响

2022-06-07耿书宝侯贺丽张洁乔利金银利尹健王国君

植物保护 2022年3期

耿书宝 侯贺丽 张洁 乔利 金银利 尹健 王国君

摘要 为了探索温度对茶银尺蠖Scopula subpunctaria成虫寿命和产卵量的影响。本研究测定了茶银尺蠖成虫在8个温度 (13、16、19、22、25、28、31℃和33℃) 下的寿命和产卵量。结果表明,温度对茶银尺蠖单雌产卵量、成虫寿命和雌成虫产卵前期、产卵期、产卵后期均有显著影响。在13、16、19、22、25、28、31℃和33℃下,其单雌产卵量分别为(148.3±13.58)、(168.6±17.44)、(219.5±21.74)、(279.9±24.59)、(250.0±19.94)、(64.7±17.09)、(54.3±16.29)、(15.4±2.93)粒。在13~33℃范围内,随着温度升高,雌成虫寿命从(33.9±1.97) d缩短到(10.8±0.45) d,雄成虫寿命从(23.8±1.14) d缩短到(8.1±0.34) d。在31℃下,雌雄成虫的寿命差异不显著,其他温度处理时,雄成虫寿命均显著短于雌成虫。雌成虫的产卵期在13℃时为(24.6±1.46) d,当温度升高至33℃时,产卵期缩短到(4.2±0.40) d。本研究可为茶银尺蠖的室内饲养、产卵模型的构建和其他相关基础研究提供重要的数据,也可为茶银尺蠖的田间种群数量增长、年发生代数和发生量预测预报提供参考依据。

关键词 茶银尺蠖;温度;产卵量;寿命

中图分类号: S435.711

文献标识码: A

DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020695

Abstract In order to explore the effect of temperature on the longevity and fecundity of Scopula subpunctaria, the longevity and fecundity of S.subpunctaria were investigated at the condition of eight temperatures (13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31℃ and 33℃). The results showed that temperature had significant effects on fecundity of single female, adult life span, pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition period. The fecundity per female adult at 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31℃ and 33℃ were (148.3±13.58), (168.6±17.44), (219.5±21.74), (279.9±24.59), (250.0±19.94), (64.7±17.09), (54.3±16.29) and (15.4±2.93) eggs, respectively. Under the temperature ranged from 13℃ to 33℃, the longevity of female adults decreased from (33.9±1.97) d to (10.8±0.45) d, and the longevity of male adults from (23.8±1.14) d to (8.1±0.34) d. The longevity of female and male adults was not significantly different at 31℃, while the longevity of male adults was significantly shorter than that of female adults at other temperatures. As the increase of temperature, the oviposition period of female adults decreased from (24.6±1.46) d at 13℃ to (4.2±0.40) d at 33℃. This study can provide important data for indoor feeding, oviposition model construction and other related basic research of S.subpunctaria, and also provides an important theoretical basis for the prediction of field population growth, annual number and occurrence of generations of S.subpunctaria.

Key words Scopula subpunctaria;temperature;fecundity;longevity

茶銀尺蠖Scopula subpunctaria (Herrich-Schaeffer)又名青尺蠖、白尺蠖[1-2],属鳞翅目Lepidoptera尺蛾科Geometridae,是茶树上常见的害虫之一。该虫食叶量大、繁殖速度快、发生面积广,已知分布于吉、苏、浙、鲁、湘、鄂等省[3-6]。幼虫喜欢停栖在叶片边缘,咬食嫩叶边缘形成网状半透膜斑,后期幼虫常将叶片咬食成较大且光滑的“C”形缺刻,大发生时常会将整片茶园的茶叶吃光,仅留主脉[2],严重影响茶叶的质量和产量。

关于茶银尺蠖的研究,国内外主要报道了其生活习性、为害特点、防治方法、口器、触角和性腺超微结构、成虫羽化和交配习性、性信息素诱捕等方面[1-9]。温度对茶银尺蠖成虫寿命和产卵量的影响还未见报道,但温度对其他昆虫成虫寿命和产卵量的影响已有大量报道。……

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