李晓贝 周昌艳 苟春林 杨静 赵晓燕 李健英

摘要 为了筛选防治芹菜上重要害虫的替代药剂，在上海市及银川市开展5%吡虫啉颗粒剂、0.5%阿维菌素颗粒剂及5%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂在芹菜上的田间试验，通过液相色谱-串联质谱法检测3种农药在芹菜上的残留量，并分别对3种农药进行膳食暴露风险评估。结果表明，5%吡虫啉颗粒剂、0.5%阿维菌素颗粒剂及5%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂分别以推荐剂量施用于芹菜后，收获期吡虫啉及阿维菌素在芹菜上最大残留量分别为0.97 mg/kg及0.01 mg/kg，氯虫苯甲酰胺安全间隔期内（1 d）在芹菜上的最大残留量为5.24 mg/kg，均低于其在芹菜上的最大殘留限量值。中国居民摄入吡虫啉、阿维菌素、氯虫苯甲酰胺的慢性暴露风险（%ADI）最大值为5.17%，急性暴露风险（%ARfD）最大值为11.20%，均远低于100%，膳食暴露风险低。结果表明吡虫啉、阿维菌素、氯虫苯甲酰胺可替代高毒农药用于芹菜上关键虫害的防治。

关键词 芹菜;吡虫啉;阿维菌素;氯虫苯甲酰胺;风险评估

中图分类号： S433

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2021206

Abstract The objective of this study was to discover alterative insecticides for celery （Apium graveolens var. dulce）. Residue experiments of imidacloprid 5% GR， abamectin 0.5% GR and chlorantraniliprole 5% SC in celery were carried out in Shanghai and Yinchuan. The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrum （UPLC-MS/MS） was used to determine the residues of these insecticides in celery. Dietary intake risk assessments were performed. Field experiments showed that the final maximal residues of imidacloprid 5% GR， abamectin 0.5% GR and chlorantraniliprole 5% SC in celery collected at safe intervals were 0.97 mg/kg， 0.01 mg/kg， and 5.24 mg/kg respectively， when they were applied at their recommended dosages. All of the final concentrations were below their maximum residue limits in celery. The risk assessments showed that the maximum value of %ADI of imidacloprid， abamectin and chlorantraniliprole was 5.17%， and that of %ARfD was 11.2%， which were far below 100% with a low exposure risk. Therefore， imidacloprid， abamectin and chlorantraniliprole were applicable as alterative insecticides for celery.

Key words Apium graveolens var. dulce;imidacloprid;abamectin;chlorantraniliprole;risk assessment

芹菜Apium graveolens var. dulce广泛种植于全球各地，含有多酚、黄酮、抗氧化物等多种活性成分，具有抗炎、保护消化系统及心脑血管系统甚至减重的作用[1-3]。芹菜在生产过程中易受到蝼蛄、蚜虫、甜菜夜蛾、小菜蛾等害虫为害，在我国主要以化学农药防治为主[4-5]。由于农药的不合理使用以及芹菜中相关登记产品的缺失，导致芹菜成为蔬菜类产品不合格的主体，不合格的主要原因为毒死蜱、甲拌磷、克百威、氧乐果等禁限用农药超标[6]。……