张毅 曹坳程 焦志伟 郝宝强 唐秀军 方文生 颜冬冬 李园 王秋霞

摘要 为筛选适合的聚氯乙烯（PVC）薄膜替代目前广泛使用的聚乙烯（PE）薄膜配合二甲基二硫（DMDS）进行土壤消毒使用，本研究使用薄膜阻隔性测定装置、气相色谱-质谱联用仪进行阻隔性模拟及DMDS浓度测定，开展了7种PVC膜对DMDS阻隔性能的测定试验，并评价了温度、湿度对其阻隔性的影响。结果表明，供试PVC薄膜对DMDS的阻隔性均优于PE薄膜，但阻隔性随温度升高显著降低，湿度对其阻隔性无显著影响。增塑剂对PVC薄膜阻隔性能不产生显著影响，但纳米颗粒添加物对PVC薄膜阻隔性能有显著影响，添加糊树脂的高聚合度PVC薄膜阻隔性最好。本研究表明PVC薄膜对DMDS具有很好的阻隔性，在特定环境下可取代PE薄膜的应用，但需田间试验进一步确定其控制DMDS逸散的效果。

关键词 二甲基二硫;阻隔性;聚氯乙烯薄膜;温度;湿度

中图分类号： S482.6

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2021095

Abstract In order to screen suitable polyvinyl chloride film （PVC） to replace polyethylene film （PE） with dimethyl disulfide （DMDS） for soil disinfection， a special device and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used for film barrier simulation and DMDS concentration detection in this study. The barrier effects of seven kinds of PVC films were test against DMDS， and the impact of temperature and humidity on the barrier property was investigated. The results showed that the barrier properties of the seven kinds of PVC to DMDS were better than that of PE， but its performance decreased significantly with increasing temperature， while humidity had no significant effect on its performance. Plasticizer did not have a significant impact on the barrier performance of PVC film to DMDS， but the different additives of nanoparticles had a significant impact on the barrier performance of PVC film to DMDS;the barrier properties of PVC film with higher degree of polymerization added with paste resin were the best. This study suggested that PVC had a good barrier performance to DMDS and may replace the application of PE film under certain circumstances. However， field experiments are needed to further determine its effect in controlling the emission of DMDS.

Key words dimethyl disulfide;barrier property;polyvinyl chloride film;temperature;humidity

近几年随着农业产业结构的调整，设施作物和高附加值作物在我国发展迅速，在某些地区已成为支柱型产业，如云南文山三七、山东安丘生姜等，给种植者带来了可观的经济收益[1]。但由于种植品种单一且多年重茬种植，病原菌连年积累，导致土传病害发生十分严重[2-3]，这些土传病害具有隐蔽性强、传播迅速、破坏性广的特点，一旦发生常导致减产甚至绝收，给高附加值作物的产量及品质、种植者的经济效益、产业的发展都带来了不容忽视的挑战[4]。目前解决土传病害最有效的措施就是使用熏蒸劑进行土壤消毒。……