不同光周期下草地贪夜蛾两性生命表的比较
2022-06-07孟令贺江幸福李平夏吉星张同强程云霞张蕾
孟令贺 江幸福 李平 夏吉星 张同强 程云霞 张蕾











摘要 为了阐明光周期对草地贪夜蛾生长发育和生殖能力的影响,在25℃条件下,设置5个光周期(L∥D=16 h∥8 h、L∥D=14 h∥10 h、L∥D=12 h∥12 h、L∥D=10 h∥14 h和L∥D=8 h∥16 h)测定不同光周期条件下草地贪夜蛾的生长发育参数和生殖参数并建立两性生命表。结果表明,L∥D=12 h∥12 h时草地贪夜蛾的幼虫历期(17.53 d)和产卵前期(5.73 d)最长,L∥D=16 h∥8 h时幼虫历期(15.12 d)和产卵前期(4.18 d)最短。各发育阶段存活率在L∥D=16 h∥8 h 时最高,在L∥D=12 h∥12 h和L∥D=10 h∥14 h时最低。产卵整齐度(PFO)在L∥D=10 h∥14 h时最大(2.82 d),在L∥D=14 h∥10 h最小(1.42 d)。L∥D=14 h∥10 h时成虫的产卵量(1 950.64粒)、产卵历期(7.48 d)以及交配次数(3.55次)和交配率(95.25%)均高于其余光周期。L∥D=16 h∥8 h和L∥D=14 h∥10 h时净增殖率、内禀增长率和周限增长率均高于其余光周期。本文的结果表明,长光照条件下草地贪夜蛾的生殖能力和发育速度均高于短光照。
关键词 草地贪夜蛾;光周期;两性生命表
中图分类号: S435.132
文献标识码: A
DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2021088
Abstract In order to elucidate the effect of photoperiod on the growth and reproductive capacity of the fall armyworm, under the conditions of 25℃, five photoperiods (L∥D=16 h∥8 h, L∥D=14 h∥10 h, L∥D=12 h∥12 h, L∥D=10 h∥14 h and L∥D=8 h∥16 h) were set to determine the growth parameters and reproductive parameters under different photoperiods, and the bisexual life table was established. The results showed that L∥D=12 h∥12 h had the longest larval duration (17.53 d) and the pre-oviposition duration (5.73 d), while L∥D=16 h∥8 h had the shortest larval duration (15.12 d) and the pre-oviposition duration (4.18 d). The survival rate was the highest at L∥D=16 h∥8 h, and the lowest at L∥D=12 h∥12 h and L∥D=10 h∥14 h. PFO (period of first oviposition) was the highest at L∥D=10 h∥14 h (2.82 d) and the lowest at L∥D=14 h∥10 h (1.42 d). The number of oviposition (1 950 eggs), duration of oviposition (7.48 d), mating frequency (3.55 times) and mating rate (95.25%) of the adults at L∥D=14 h∥10 h were higher than those at the other photoperiods. L∥D=16 h∥8 h and L∥D=14 h∥10 h resulted in higher increase rates of net, intrinsic and finite growth than other photoperiods. The results of this study suggested that the reproductive capacity and developmental rate of the fall armyworm under long photoperiods were higher than those under short photoperiods.
Key words Spodoptera frugiperda;photoperiod;bisexual life table
草地貪夜蛾 Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith),别名秋黏虫,英文名fall armyworm,属于鳞翅目Lepidoptera 夜蛾科Noctuidae,源于美洲的热带和亚热带地区,是一种多食性农业害虫[1-3]。草地贪夜蛾具有飞行能力强、繁殖数量大、暴食为害重、寄主范围广等特点。其幼虫能够为害玉米、水稻、高粱、棉花等主要农作物以及多种蔬菜、果树和观赏植物[4-7]。随着经济全球化以及国际贸易的进行,该虫于2016年首次入侵非洲[8-9],并迅速在非洲多数国家蔓延为害[10-11],对当地的粮食产量造成严重影响[12]。2018年草地贪夜蛾从印度半岛入侵亚洲其他地区[13],并于2019年1月从云南入侵我国,进而向其他地区蔓延为害[14-15]。
在自然条件下,昆虫受到多种环境因素,比如温度、湿度以及光周期等的影响。……
