高琼琼 杨孟可 徐常青 陈君 乔海莉 刘赛 陆鹏飞

摘要 枸杞红瘿蚊是宁夏枸杞上重要成灾害虫之一。枸杞白瘿蚊是继枸杞红瘿蚊后在宁夏枸杞上新发现的另一种瘿蚊科害虫。两种瘿蚊均以幼虫为害宁夏枸杞幼嫩花蕾使其不能正常发育，但形成的虫瘿结构差异明显。本文通过外部形态观察、石蜡切片等方法对两种虫瘿发育过程中的外部形态特征、内部组织结构进行了对比。结果表明，两种瘿蚊幼虫的取食不会引起花部结构的增加或缺失，但均影响花部结构发育，使其无法正常开花结果。枸杞红瘿蚊主要造成子房细胞数量增多形成虫瘿，枸杞白瘿蚊主要造成花冠细胞体积增大形成虫瘿。此外两种虫瘿在花柱、花丝、蜜腺、花药、花柄等处均存在一定差异。

关键词 宁夏枸杞;瘿蚊;虫瘿;虫瘿结构

中图分类号： S435.671

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2021187

Abstract Gephyraulus lycantha （wolfberry red gall midge， WRGM） is one of the most important pests of Lycium barbarum， and Contarinia sp. （wolfberry white gall midge， WWGM） is another newly found flower gall midge. These two midges can both induce flower bud galls that cannot develop normally， but the gall structures induced by the two species of gall midges are obviously different. Here， the external morphology and internal tissue structure of the two kinds of flower galls during development were compared by means of external morphological and paraffin section observations. The results showed that the feeding by larvae of the two gall midge species did not cause any increase or loss in floral structure， but both affected the development of floral structure and prevented them from flowering and fruiting normally. WRGM mainly induced an increase in the number of ovary cells leading to an enlarged appearance of galls， while WWGM mainly induced an increase in the size of corolla cells leading to an enlarged appearance of galls. There were also some differences in the style， filament， nectary， anther， and stalk.

Key words Lycium barbarum;gall midge;gall;gall structure

寧夏枸杞Lycium barbarum L.为茄科Solanaceae枸杞属Lycium多年生落叶灌木，是我国西北地区的重要经济作物[1]。其干燥成熟果实枸杞子为我国大宗常用中药材[2]。宁夏枸杞花果同期，营养丰富，易滋生病虫害。据调查有60多种害虫为害宁夏枸杞，其中成灾害虫10多种[3]。枸杞红瘿蚊，即枸杞花桥瘿蚊Gephyraulus lycantha Jiao & Kolesik是宁夏枸杞生产中普遍发生的重要害虫[4]。该虫以幼虫为害枸杞花蕾，使其形成畸形虫瘿而不能开花结实[5]。枸杞红瘿蚊最早于1970年在野生宁夏枸杞上发现[6]，此后一直被认为是形成枸杞花蕾虫瘿的唯一害虫[7]。已发表的文章中对枸杞花蕾虫瘿的描述主要围绕其外观形状[6，8]，如“灯笼状畸形虫瘿”[9]等，极少关注虫瘿内部结构。……