辛夷挥发油的化学成分、药理作用及临床应用研究进展
2022-02-20王萍张海燕刘英孟钟萍欧文杨明
王萍 张海燕 刘英孟 钟萍 欧文 杨明


中图分类号 R284;R285 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2022)03-0378-07
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2022.03.20
摘 要 辛夷挥发油作为中药辛夷发挥药用价值的主要活性部位,含有丰富的化学成分,主要包括桉叶油醇、金合欢醇、α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、松油醇、杜松油烯、芳樟醇、香茅醇、樟脑等,具有广泛的药理作用,以抗炎和抗过敏作用为主,临床上主要用于治疗急慢性鼻炎、过敏性鼻炎和鼻窦炎等。本文对10年来国内外有关辛夷挥发油的研究报道进行了归纳,对不同条件下(产地、品种、部位和提取方法)辛夷挥发油的化学成分进行比较,对其药理作用和临床应用现状进行梳理,并对其发展前景进行展望,以期为进一步开发辛夷挥发油的药用价值提供参考。
关键词 辛夷挥发油;化学成分;药理作用;临床应用
Research progress on chemical constituents, pharmacological effects and clinical application of volatile oil from Magnolia liliflora
WANG Ping1,ZHANG Haiyan1,LIU Yingmeng1,ZHONG Ping1,OU Wen1,YANG Ming1,2(1. Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education,Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004,China; 2. School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610075, China)
ABSTRACT The volatile oil of Magnolia liliflora, as the main active part of the medicinal value, has rich chemical constituents, mainly including cineole, farnesol, α-pinene, β-pinene, terpineol, cadinene, linalool, citronellol, camphor. It has a wide range of pharmacological effects, mainly anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects. Clinically, it is mainly used to treat acute and chronic rhinitis, allergic rhinitis and sinusitis. This paper summarizes the research reports on the volatile oil of M. liliflora at home and abroad in the past 10 years, compares the chemical constituents of the volatile oil from M. liliflora under different conditions (origin, variety, part and extraction method), combs its pharmacological effects and clinical application status, and looks forward to its development prospect, in order to provide reference for the further development of the medicinal value of the volatile oil from M. liliflora.
KEYWORDS volatile oil from Magnolia liliflora; chemical constituents; pharmacological effects; clinical application
辛夷(Flos Magnoliae)为木兰科植物望春花Magnolia biondii Pamp.、玉兰Magnolia denudata Desr.或武当玉兰Magnolia sprengeri Pamp.的干燥花蕾,呈长卵形,苞片外表面密被灰白色或灰绿色有光泽的长茸毛[1];其原植物在我国河南、湖北、四川、安徽等地广泛栽培,野生品种较少,是著名的观赏兼药用植物。辛夷性温、味辛,归肺、胃经,有散风寒、通鼻窍之功效[2],是中医治疗鼻部炎症的传统要药,具有抗炎、抗菌、抗过敏、平喘等多种药理作用[3]。辛夷最早记载于汉代《神农本草经》中,曰:“味温,主五脏、身体寒、头风、脑痛,久服下气、明目,一名辛雉,一名候桃,一名房木”。南北朝《名医别录》中对其功效进行了描述:“无毒。温中,解肌,利九窍,通鼻塞,涕出,治面肿,引齿痛眩冒,可作膏药之用”[4]。辛夷含有多种化合物,其中挥发油的含量丰富,是药用的有效成分,主要化合物有萜烯类、醇类、酯类和醛酮类,包括桉葉油醇、金合欢醇、α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、松油醇、芳樟醇和樟脑等[5]。……
