樊祎宁 鲁素玲 韩鹏彪 王恭亮 华祺年 刘治文

摘 要：為了充分利用电弧炉烟气余热预热废钢，以计算流体力学软件Fluent为平台，建立废钢预热过程三维非稳态随机分布局部模型，采用数值模拟方法探究了不同种类废钢预热温度分布规律。模拟结果表明：废钢预热温度随预热时间的增加明显升高，且废钢厚度显著影响预热温度，相同预热条件下，轻薄型废钢的平均温度在1 600 K左右，中型废钢在1 000 K左右，重型废钢在700 K左右;增大比表面积能够在一定程度上提高各类型废钢的预热温度，考虑到废钢在预热过程熔化对出钢质量的影响，底层废钢比表面积控制在1.5 m2/m3以下，重型废钢比表面积控制在0.25 m2/m3以上;高温烟气会优先通过空隙率大、通畅性好的区域，密集堆积的板状废钢会阻碍烟气流动，导致该区域预热温度降低。因此，在生产中可相对减少重型废钢的配料比例，多采用中型废钢。研究结果可为使用废钢预热技术的厂家提供预热分析数据，为改进电弧炉炼钢预热工艺、实现工业废钢的高效冶炼提供一定的理论依据。

关键词：炼钢;废钢预热;温度场;流场;比表面积;数值模拟

中图分类号：TF741.5   文献标识码：A

doi：10.7535/hbkd.2021yx06010

Numerical simulation of scrap preheating in EAF steelmaking

FAN Yining1，LU Suling1，2，HAN Pengbiao1，2，WANG Gongliang3，HUA Qinian3，LIU Zhiwen1

（1.School of Materials Science and Engineering，Hebei University of Science and Technology，Shijiazhuang，Hebei 050018，China;2.Hebei Key Laboratory of Material Near-Net Forming Technology，Shijiazhuang，Hebei 050018，China;3.Shijia-zhuang Steel Company Limited ，Shijiazhuang，Hebei 050031，China）

Abstract：In order to make full use of waste heat of electric arc furnace （EAF） flue gas to preheat scrap steel，a three-dimensional unsteady random distribution local model of scrap preheating process was established on the platform of computational fluid dynamics software Fluent，and the distribution law of preheating temperature of different types of scrap steel was investigated by numerical simulation method.The simulation results show that the preheating temperature of scrap steel increases obviously with the increase of preheating time，and the thickness of scrap steel has a significant effect on the preheating temperature.Under the same preheating conditions，the average temperature of light and thin scrap steel is about 1 600 K，medium scrap steel is about 1 000 K and heavy scrap steel is about 700 K.Increasing specific surface area can improve the preheating temperature of all types of scrap steel to a certain extent.Considering the influence of scrap melting on the quality of steel output during preheating，the specific surface area of bottom scrap should be controlled below 1.5 m2/m3，and the specific surface area of heavy scrap should be controlled above 0.25 m2/m3.The high temperature flue gas will preferentially pass through the area with large voidage and good patency，and the dense accumulation of sheet steel scrap blocks the flue gas flow，leading to the reduction of the preheating temperature in this area.Therefore，the proportioning ratio of heavy scrap can be reduced relatively in production，and medium scrap can be used more often.The research results can provide preheating analysis data for manufacturers using scrap preheating technology，improve the preheating process of EAF steelmaking，and have a certain theoretical reference value for the efficient smelting of industrial scrap.

Keywords：

steel-making;scrap preheating;temperature field;flow field;specific surface area;numerical simulation

在 “碳達峰、碳中和” 形势下，如何降低能耗成为国内钢铁企业面临的严峻问题。与传统转炉炼钢相比，电弧炉短流程炼钢在投资、生产效率、有害气体排放量、碳排放等方面具有明显优势，是世界钢铁生产的主要流程之一[1-3]。废钢作为电弧炉炼钢的主要原料，其入炉温度对电弧炉冶炼能耗等技术指标影响很大[4-5]，废钢预热技术逐渐成为钢铁行业关注的热点[6-8]。……