张永弟 王琮瑜 王琮玮 杨光

摘 要：钛合金具有良好的力学性能和生物相容性，被认为是一种理想的植入体材料。但致密钛合金的弹性模量较高，在植入人体后与骨之间存在应力遮挡现象，易引发植入体松动。采用增材制造技术制备的多孔钛合金能够很好地解决这一问题。从多孔结构的设计方法与增材制造的原理入手，综述了增材制造多孔钛合金在力学性能方面的研究现状以及在生物医疗领域的研究与应用进展，并对其未来的发展趋势进行了展望，指出今后可在以下4方面对医用多孔钛合金展开深入研究：1）研发更先进的成型设备以提高多孔钛合金的成型质量与成型效率;2）对多孔结构进行仿生化设计，将高力学性能与高生物性能有机结合;3）通过对Gibson-Ashby模型进行修正，可获得更为准确的力学性能预测结果;4）开发新型钛合金材料以提高多孔钛合金的生物相容性。

关键词：特种加工工艺;增材制造;多孔结构;钛合金;力学性能;生物性能

中图分类号：TG146.2   文献标识码：A

doi：10.7535/hbkd.2021yx06007

Research and application status of medical porous titanium alloy formed by additive manufacturing

ZHANG Yongdi，WANG Congyu，WANG Congwei，YANG Guang

（School of Mechanical Engineering，Hebei University of Science and Technology，Shijiazhuang，Hebei 050018，China）

Abstract：Titanium alloy is considered as an ideal implant material for its good mechanical properties and biocompatibility.However，due to the high elastic modulus of solid titanium alloy，there is stress shielding between the implant and human bone after implantation，which can easily trigger implant loosening.The porous titanium alloy formed by additive manufacturing technology can solve this problem well.Starting with the design method of porous structure and the principle of additive manufacturing，the research status of mechanical properties of additive manufacturing porous titanium alloy and the research and application progress in biomedical field are reviewed，and its future development trend is prospected.Further research on porous titanium alloys for medical can be carried out in the following aspects in the future.1） Developing more advanced forming equipment to improve the forming quality and efficiency of porous titanium alloy;2） Biomimetic design is carried out on the porous structure to combine high mechanical properties with high biological properties;3） The Gibson-Ashby model was modified to obtain more accurate prediction results of mechanical properties;4） Develop new titanium alloy materials to improve the biocompatibility of porous titanium alloys.

Keywords：

special processing technology;additive manufacturing technology;porous structure;titanium alloy;mechanical properties;biological properties

鈦合金因具有较高的比强度、良好的生物相容性以及耐腐蚀性等优点，在生物医疗领域有着广泛的应用，常作为骨科植入体材料[1-2]，其中，Ti6Al4V合金是最为常用的一种钛合金。然而致密Ti6Al4V合金弹性模量为110 GPa，远高于人体骨弹性模量（0.02～20 GPa），植入人体后会产生应力遮挡现象[3-5]，导致骨吸收、皮质骨逐渐变薄，甚至发生植入体松动[6]。

多孔结构具有体密度小、比表面积大、能量吸收性好等特点，应用前景广泛，近年来广受国内外学者的关注[7-8]。……