郑东昊 杨立宁 刘利剑 杨光 刘袁禄

摘 要：为了解决3D打印喷头在成形过程中需要频繁抬起和跳转的问题，研制一种具有复合丝材可控导入、高效熔融挤出及实时剪切功能的新型3D打印喷头。首先，基于结构原理和功能分析方法，对喷头进行分模块化设计;然后，对喷头剪切装置控制系统及其控制流程进行设计和分析;最后，采用所研制的3D打印喷头实物进行连续碳纤维增强复合材料预浸丝的熔融挤出及剪切试验。结果表明，采用所设计的喷头结构以及程序控制方法，可以实现剪丝刀片在喷嘴末端对于复合材料的有效剪切，剪切断口平整，验证了所研制的新型复合材料3D打印喷头的可靠性和实用性。所提方法可有效避免喷头在抬起和跳转运动过程中引发的问题，为连续碳纤维增强复合材料3D打印喷头的结构设计及其运动控制提供了参考。

关键词：机械设计原理与方法;3D打印;喷头;连续碳纤维;复合材料

中图分类号：TH164   文献标识码：A

doi：10.7535/hbkd.2021yx06008

Design of three-dimensional printing nozzle of continuous carbon fiber reinforced composite

ZHENG Donghao1，YANG Lining1，LIU Lijian1，YANG Guang1，LIU Yuanlu2

（1.School of Mechanical Engineering，Hebei University of Science and Technology，Shijiazhuang，Hebei 050018，China;2.Hebei Zhiqu Technology Company Limited，Shijiazhuang，Hebei 050018，China）

Abstract：Aiming at the process characteristics of frequent lifting and jumping of three-dimensional printing nozzle in the forming process，a new three-dimensional printing nozzle with the functions of controllable introduction of composite wire，efficient melt extrusion and real-time shearing was developed.Firstly，based on the method of structure principle and the function realization analysis，the modular design of the nozzle was carried out.Then，the control system and its control flow of the nozzle shearing device were designed and analyzed.Finally，the melting extrusion and clipping test of pre-impregnated continuous carbon fiber reinforced composite wire were performed by using the developed three-dimensional print nozzle.The experimental results show that by using the nozzle structure and program control method，the composite material can be effectively cut by the wire cutting blade at the end of the nozzle，and the clipping fracture was smooth，which verifies the reliability and practicality of the new developed three-dimensional printing nozzle.The provided method can effectively avoid the problems caused by the lifting and jumping of the nozzle，which provides useful reference and method basis for the structural design and motion control of continuous carbon fiber reinforced composite three-dimensional printing nozzle.

Keywords：

mechanical design principle and method;three-dimensional printing;nozzle;continuous carbon fiber;composite material

连续碳纤维增强复合材料具有高比强度、高耐磨性、低密度、耐腐蚀、抗疲劳等性能，被广泛应用于航空航天、国防军工、汽车制造等领域[1]。但是，现有连续碳纤维增强复合材料的制备工艺主要以扩散粘结法[2]、粉末冶金法[3]、熔融浸润法[4]、挤压铸造法[5]、真空压力浸渗法[6]、无压浸渗法[7]等为主，这些工艺方法大多需要高温、高压、气氛保护等环境，不仅工艺流程复杂、制备成本高，还易导致碳纤维增强相和基体之间发生界面反应，使得碳纤维受损，生成较脆的化合物，严重损害复合材料的机械性能。……