河南 丁 一

高考英语阅读理解D 篇，题材通常是科技类，体裁通常是说明文或者议论文，难度大，篇幅长。 综合2019 年全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D 篇、2020 年全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D 篇和2021年全国乙卷阅读理解D 篇，可得出D 篇文章平均长度约为360 词，设题平均用词约138 词。阅读理解D 篇相当于高考英语试卷中一个难以翻越的小高峰。

为了使材料符合高考的阅读要求，命题人需要对原文本进行“剔肉留筋骨”式的压缩：浓缩文章提炼中心，通过删减、改编、增添等改写方法，达到高考英语阅读理解试题的命题要求。现笔者以2021年高考英语全国乙卷阅读理解D 篇为例，结合原材料，比较改动前后的文字，揣测命题人的用意，在词里行间，探寻命题思路与方法，并尝试进行分析如下。

原文出处：

https://hbr.org/2017/10/why-you-can-focus-in-a-coffeeshop-but-not-in-your-open-office

Why You Can Focus in a Coffee Shop but Not in Your Open Office

by David Burkus

...

（文章标题以及作者保留，文章略）

阅读后分析文章可知，本文共756 词，11 个自然段，主题语境是人与社会。该篇文章在网上公开发布的时间是2017年10月，距2021年高考已经过去将近4年。网络时代信息更迭速度极快，客观上讲，该话题选材已不算新鲜、新颖。

经笔者阅读对比分析发现，改编后的素材文本长度为348 词，试题长度为112 词。对比原文的756 词，可看出命题人把原文整整去掉了408 词。

下面笔者尝试从词汇的删、留、增、换的角度，将原文与改编后的成题进行对比揣测命题者的意图，分析命题手法，赏析高考命题从原材料逐渐成题的命制过程。

改编前原文：

Para 1：A few years ago (1), duringa media (2)interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I stillponder (3)often.Ranting about (4)the level of distraction(5)in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus.”

Para 2：While I fully support the backlash againstopen offices, the (6)comment struck me asodd (7).After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open officelayout (8).

Para 3：But I recently came acrossa series of studiesexamining the effect of sound on the brain that reveals why hisstrategy works.(9)

改编后成文第一段：

During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often.Annoyed by the level of distraction（干扰）in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus.” His comment struck me as strange.After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout（布局）.But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.

对比分析：

经对比，笔者发现高考试题素材中的第一段是在原文的Para 1、Para 2 和Para 3 的基础上改编压缩而成，即三段合成一段，把123 词压缩到86 词。……