崔海鹏 龙爱春 户本相 赵艳芳 宋喜梅 廖建和 廖禄生

摘  要：以澳洲坚果壳作为碳源，采用高温碳化技术制备澳洲坚果壳生物活性炭材料，研究了磷酸、氢氧化钾、氯化锌作为活化剂对澳洲坚果壳生物活性炭材料微观形貌和吸波性能的影响。结果表明：活化剂对澳洲坚果壳生物炭造孔效果明显，可获得丰富的孔隙结构;与未活化的澳洲坚果壳生物炭相比，活化方式调控的澳洲坚果壳生物活性炭吸波性能得到了改善，氯化锌活化的澳洲坚果壳生物活性炭反射损耗达–16 dB;氢氧化钾活化的澳洲坚果壳生物活性炭反射损耗达–26 dB，通过调节厚度，有效吸收带宽最高可以覆盖14 GHz。澳洲坚果壳生物活性炭良好的吸波性能归因于活化造孔产生的多孔结构，多孔结构进一步促进传导损耗、界面极化、多重散射等对电磁波进行衰减。经分析讨论进一步确定了不同活化方式调控澳洲坚果壳生物炭吸波性能强弱的顺序为MNAC-K（氢氧化钾活化）> MNAC-Zn（氯化锌活化）> MNAC-H（磷酸活化）> MNC（未活化）。

关键词：澳洲坚果果壳;活性炭;活化;电磁损耗;吸波性能

中图分类号：S664.9      文献标识码：A

Abstract： High-temperature carbonization technology was used to prepare Macadamia nut shell biomass activated carbon （MNAC） materials. The effects of phosphoric acid， potassium hydroxide and zinc chloride as activators on the microscopic morphology and microwave absorbing properties of MNAC materials were studied. The activators had obvious pore-forming effect on the Macadamia nut shell biochar （MNC） and could facilitate the formation of pore-rich structure. Compared with MNC， the microwave absorption performance of the activated  was improved. Specifically， the reflection loss of the biocarbon was activated by zinc chloride reaches –16 dB. The reflection loss of the biocarbon activated by potassium hydroxide was up to –26 dB， and the effective absorption bandwidth could cover 14 GHz by adjusting the thickness. The good absorbing performance of MNAC could be attributed to the porous structure resulted by the activation process. The porous structure further promoted the attenuation of electromagnetic waves， such as conduction loss， interface polarization， and multiple scattering. The order of the MNC microwave absorbing properties regulated by different activators was finally determined as： MNAC-K （KOH activation） > MNAC-Zn （ZnCl2 activation） > MNAC-H （H3PO4 activation） > MNC （no activation）.

Keywords： Macadamia nut shell; activated carbon; activation; electromagnetic loss; microwave absorbing performance

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.11.033

隨着无线电技术迅猛发展，电子设备、无线通信系统的普及为人类带来了健康隐患，人体长期暴露于电磁波中会直接影响人体健康并诱导肿瘤生长[1]。这不仅危害人类自身的健康，还会干扰电子通信系统的运行，从而影响信息的传递[2-3]。此外，电磁脉冲等侵入性强电磁波可能导致电子设备故障或阻塞，威胁国防安全。……