宋杰 张宁南 张钟慧 周再知 梁俊峰 陆俊锟

摘  要：本研究以广东茂名和东莞区域的经济植物白木香（Aquilaria sinensis）为对象，基于高通量测序方法，分析2个不同区域生境中4个品种白木香结香部位真菌群落结构多样性及分布规律，结合不同品种的结香特性，进一步挖掘与白木香结香显著相关的真菌类群，促进结香技术的提升。结果表明：相同生境条件下，同种白木香不同高度结香位点真菌组成结构非常相似，但不同真菌的丰度存在差异;不同区域生境下，相同品种结香部位真菌群落组成结构存在显著差异，生境差异可能是导致结香部位真菌群落结构差异的主要因素之一;同一区域生境下，不同品种白木香结香部位的真菌群落结构存在显著差异，品种差异可能是导致白木香结香部位真菌群落结构差异的主要因素之一，同时特有真菌类群的存在也可能是影响白木香结香特性的关键。Fusarium spp. 和Hypomontagnella spp. 等真菌在易结香品种分布广泛且丰度极高，可能与易结香品种的结香特性相关，具有重要的应用潜力。

关键词：白木香;结香技术;真菌多样性;高通量测序

中图分类号：S567.1      文献标识码：A

Abstract： Aquilaria sinensis （Lour.） Spreng， an economic plant in Guangdong， was selected as the object of this study. Using the high-throughput sequencing method， we analyzed the community structure and distribution of fungi in agar-wood wound locations of four agarwood varieties in Maoming and Dongguan， China. Combining the agarwood forma-tion characteristics of different varieties， fungal groups were further investigated which were significantly related to the agarwood formation. Under the same habitat condition， fungi community structure at different height sampling sites in the same varieties were remarkably similar， despite the different fungi abundance. The fungal community composition were significantly different in the same varieties under different habitats， and the difference of habitat may be one of the main factors leading to the difference of fungal community structure. There were significant differences in the fungal community structure among different varieties under the same habitat condition. Different agarwood varieties may be one of the main factors leading to the difference of fungal community structure. The unique fungi with high abundance maybe result in special feature of agarwood formation. Fusarium spp. and Hypomontagnella spp.， which are widely distributed with high abundance in the easy agarwood formation varieties， are the best illustrations for this conclusion.

Keywords： Aquilaria sinensis; agarwood formation technology; fungi divesity; high-throughput sequencing

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.11.039

沉香是由瑞香科沉香屬（Aquilaria spp.）或拟沉香属（Gyrinops spp.）植物木质部组织及其分泌物共同组成的混合物质，在亚洲、中东和欧洲被广泛用于医药，同时也是一种传承历史悠久的名贵香料[1-3]。沉香内含的倍半萜烯和苯乙基色酮派生物具有显著的生物学药理性质，包括抗菌、抗氧化和抗肿瘤活性，在治疗胃溃疡和哮喘方面具有潜在的价值[4-8]。……