刘辉 冯成天 胡义钰 袁坤 王真辉

摘  要：為探究橡胶树死皮恢复的生理基础，本研究采用死皮康复营养剂创制死皮不同恢复程度的实验材料，分析了健康、死皮和死皮不同恢复程度植株间胶乳干胶含量、总固形物含量、pH、黄色体破裂指数、硫醇含量、无机磷含量、蔗糖含量和转化酶活性等生理参数的变化规律。结果表明：橡胶树发生死皮后，胶乳产量、无机磷含量、硫醇含量和转化酶活性显著降低，而干胶含量、总固形物含量、pH、黄色体破裂指数和蔗糖含量显著升高。死皮康复营养剂处理能促使死皮橡胶树的恢复，具有一定的防治效果，其促使死皮恢复过程中，干胶含量、总固形物含量、黄色体破裂指数和蔗糖含量逐步降低，无机磷含量、硫醇含量和转化酶活性逐渐增加，胶乳产量回升，而pH变化不明显。由此可见，胶乳生理参数的异常与死皮发生密切相关，死皮恢复过程中，干胶含量、总固形物含量、黄色体破裂指数、硫醇含量、无机磷含量、蔗糖含量和转化酶活性等胶乳生理参数趋向于正常水平，调节这些胶乳生理参数向正常水平转变将有助于橡胶树死皮的恢复。研究结果为研发高效死皮防治药剂提供了理论基础。

关键词：橡胶树;死皮;死皮恢复;胶乳;生理参数

中图分类号：S794.1      文献标识码：A

Abstract： To investigate the physiological basis of the recovery from tapping panel dryness （TPD） in rubber trees （He-vea brasiliensis）， the experimental materials with different degrees of TPD recovery were made by treating TPD trees with TPD rehabilitation nutrient agents， and the change laws of latex physiological parameters among the healthy， TPD， and different degrees of TPD recovery trees were determined and analyzed， including dry rubber content， total solid content， pH value， lutoid bursting index， thiol content， inorganic phosphorus content， sucrose content， and inver¬tase activity. The results showed that the latex yield， inorganic phosphorus content， thiol content and invertase activity sig-nificantly decreased， whereas the dry rubber content， total solid content， pH value， lutoid bursting index and sucrose content significantly increased after TPD occurrence. TPD rehabilitation nutrient agent treatment could promote TPD recovery， and had a certain control effect. During the TPD recovery， the dry rubber content， total solid content， lutoid bursting index and sucrose content decreased gradually， the inorganic phosphorus content， thiol content， invertase activ¬ity and latex yield increased gradually， but the pH value did not change obviously. The results indicate that the abnor¬mality of latex physiological parameters is closely related to the occurrence of TPD in rubber trees. During the TPD recovery， the latex physiological parameters such as dry rubber content， total solid content， lutoid bursting index， thiol content， inorganic phosphorus content， sucrose content， and invertase activity returned to normal level， and modulating the physiological parameters of latex to normal level would be helpful to rubber tree TPD recovery. This study would provide a theoretical basis for developing highly effective agents for the prevention and treatment of TPD.

Keywords： Hevea brasiliensis; tapping panel dryness; tapping panel dryness recovery; latex; physiological parameter

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.11.030

天然橡胶与钢铁、石油、煤炭并称四大工业原料，是关系国计民生和国家安全的重要战略物资。其具有合成橡胶无可比拟的综合性能，在国民经济和国防关键领域具有不可替代的作用。……