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美拉德反应制备动物源副产物调味品的研究进展

2021-12-23吴瑀婕卢方云黄瑾邹烨徐为民王道营

肉类研究 2021年11期
关键词:利用

吴瑀婕 卢方云 黄瑾 邹烨 徐为民 王道营

摘 要:美拉德反应(Maillard reaction,MR)是游离氨基酸、多肽或蛋白质中的氨基与还原糖的羰基之间所发生的一系列复杂反应,能产生特殊的风味和色泽,可用于生产具有浓郁风味的香精调味料。以动物源副产物为原料,通过酶解-MR制备天然调味品,既符合现代消费者对于健康、营养的需要,还为高效利用副产物资源提供了有效途径。本文主要介绍用于制备调味料的常见动物副产物、酶解效果的评价指标、影响MR产物风味的因素,简述3 种辅助MR的物理方法及MR产物的生理活性,旨在为实现动物源副产物资源深度综合利用和可持续发展开拓新思路。

关键词:动物源副产物;酶解;美拉德反应;调味料;利用

Progress in the Preparation of Seasonings from Animal By-Products by Maillard Reaction

WU Yujie1,2, LU Fangyun2, HUANG Jin2, ZOU Ye2,*, XU Weimin2, WANG Daoying1,2,*

(1.College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;

2.Institute of Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China)

Abstract: The Maillard reaction (MR) is a series of complex reactions between the amino groups of free amino acids, peptides or proteins and the carbonyl groups of reducing sugars that can produce special flavors and colors. Therefore, MR can be used to produce seasonings with strong flavor. The preparation of natural seasonings from animal by-products through enzymatic hydrolysis combined with MR not only meets the current needs of consumers for health and nutrition, but also provides an effective way to use by-product resources. In this paper, we introduce the reader to the common animal by-products used in the preparation of seasonings, the indexes used for evaluating the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis and the factors affecting the flavor of MR products (MRPs). Besides, we give a brief overview of the three physical methods used to aid MR and the physiological activities of MRPs. We hope that this review will help researchers develop new ideas for deep and comprehensive utilization of animal by-product resources and, more broadly, sustainable development.

Keywords: animal by-products; enzymatic hydrolysis; Maillard reaction; seasonings; utilization

DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210607-172

中圖分类号:TS251.9                                        文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8123(2021)11-0050-07

引文格式:

吴瑀婕, 卢方云, 黄瑾, 等. 美拉德反应制备动物源副产物调味品的研究进展[J]. 肉类研究, 2021, 35(11): 50-56. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210607-172.    http://www.rlyj.net.cnWU Yujie, LU Fangyun, HUANG Jin, et al. Progress in the preparation of seasonings from animal by-products by Maillard reaction[J]. Meat Research, 2021, 35(11): 50-56. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210607-172.    http://www.rlyj.net.cn

人们对于肉类的需求正逐年增加,在肉制品加工过程中,大量骨、内脏、血液等副产物也随之产生[1-2],这些副产物富含蛋白质、脂肪酸、矿物元素等优质营养素,其中蛋白质资源尤为丰富,如畜禽骨生产量占我国肉类总产量的10%,每年将产生870多万t畜禽骨副产物,其中蛋白质含量可达130 万t[3]。然而,由于生产设备和技术限制,大多数加工下脚料仅经过粗加工制成饲料或肥料等低附加值产品,更多的直接被丢弃。这不仅造成大量资源浪费,还会加重环境负担,造成污染[4]。因此,以动物副产物为原料生产调味料的研究越来越受到人们的关注。……

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