申瑞寒 马立锋

摘要：秋季干旱在我国茶区的发生越来越频繁，秋旱发生时，如茶树正处于秋梢生长时期，会导致秋梢滞长;如茶树已进入休眠期，茶树叶片光合作用和根系养分的吸收受到明显抑制，以及由于水分亏缺而造成一系列代谢失调，使翌年春茶的产量、品质下降，严重影响茶农收入。因此，做好秋季旱害的防治显得更为重要，特别是只采春季名优茶的茶园尤其需要重视。文章介绍了秋旱的成因、危害、预防措施和旱后补救措施等，为应对秋季旱害提供技术措施。

关键词：茶园;秋季干旱;旱害;应对措施

Damage and Countermeasures of Autumn

Drought in Tea Gardens

SHEN Ruihan1，2， MA Lifeng1*

1. Tea Research Institute， Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Key Laboratory for Tea Plant Biology and

Resource Utilization， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Hangzhou 310008， China;

2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 100081， China

Abstract： Autumn drought occurs more and more frequently in tea gardens of China. If tea plants are in the  autumn

shoot growth period when autumn drought occurs， the shoots will not grow. If tea plants have entered the dormant stage

when the autumn drought occurs， photosynthesis of tea leaves and nutrient absorption of roots will be significantly

inhibited， and a series of metabolic disorders caused by water deficit will have obvious adverse effects on the yield

and quality of spring tea in the next year， which seriously affect the income of tea farmers. It is important to prevent

and control autumn drought， especially for the production mode of only picking famous spring tea. Therefore， this

paper introduced the causes， hazards， preventive measures and remedial measures of autumn drought， and provided

technical measures for dealing with autumn drought.

Keywords： tea garden， autumn drought， damage of drought， countermeasures

茶树旱害是指在长期无雨或少雨的环境下，茶树体内水分亏缺、生理代谢失调而形成的危害。水分摄入不足后，茶树冠面叶片开始出现失水萎蔫，进而出现叶片焦枯，持续发展影响上层枝条干枯，直至整株枯死。

我国茶园主要分布在长江以南地区，该区域气候适宜，水资源丰富，有利于茶树生长，但也受到季风气候影响，雨水季节性区域分布不均，茶树旱害一年四季都可发生，其中夏季旱害和秋季旱害较为普遍。

夏季由于气温高，茶树生长旺盛，当夏季旱害缓解后通过补救措施，一般树势都能快速恢复，明显减轻对茶树造成的危害。但是进入秋季后，气温、湿度比夏季明显下降，若此时发生干旱，茶树根系从土壤吸收的水分不能满足自身代谢所需，体内水分平衡遭到破坏。空气干燥加剧了叶片水分蒸腾，导致叶片失水萎蔫……