吕超鹏　胡绍庆　胡广

摘要：传统景观林规划方法已不能满足大众对生态景观林功能多元化的要求。基于丽水植物园山地环境的多项参数，采用GIS空间分析、聚类分析等方法对场地生态适宜性，即生态敏感性和生境质量进行分类评价，根据分析结果进行生态景观林空间初步规划。结果显示：丽水植物园按照生态风险等级可分为5类敏感性区域，按生境差异则划分为7种生境类型。结合生态适宜性分析结果，对基于突出植物保护、公众教育及森林康养3个不同的功能指向性规划目标，按照不同的要求进行空间叠加、重分类和整理，分别进行生态景观林空间规划，并针对性推荐部分造林树种。

关键词：生态景观林;生态适宜性;GIS;聚类分析;空间规划

中图分类号：TU986

文献标志码：A

文章编号：1671-2641（2021）05-0058-08

收稿日期：2021-01-25

修回日期：2021-04-22

Abstract： The traditional planning method of landscape forest cannot satisfy the publics requirement for diverse ecological functions. Based on the quantitive environmental parameters of Lishui Botanical Garden， GIS spatial analysis， cluster analysis and other methods were used to classify and evaluate the ecological suitability analysis， involving ecological sensitivity and habitat quality of the site， which were applied to guide the spatial planning of ecological landscape forest. The results showed that according to the ecological risk level， Lishui Botanical Garden was divided into five types of sensitive areas， and according to the habitat differences， it was divided into seven types. Combined with the results of ecological suitability analysis and spatial superposition according to different requirements， the spatial planning and afforestation tree species selection of ecological landscape forest can be carried out respectively based on three different functional scenarios of highlighting plant protection， public education and forest health rehabilitation and recreation.

Key words： Ecological landscape forest; Ecological suitability; GIS; Clustering analysis; Spatial planning

生态景观林是指依据生态学和美学理论进行营造，集生态保护和环境美化功能于一体的一种森林类型[1～2]。近年来，林业及生态学领域的学者对于生态景观林的研究不断深入，目前的研究方向集中在生态景观林的生态功能效益、景观体系、质量评价、色彩量化与配置及营造技术等方面[3～9]。现有的生态景观林规划设计延续传统林业的造林方法，相关空间规划和树种配置一般基于造林地的整体地貌特征以及造林树种本身的生理学和生物学特性，而对造林地的具体地形指标、土壤养分等环境和生态条件，以及造林地的地质和生态风险缺乏必要的调查和量化分析，无法对造林地的空间差异有一个全面和细致的认知，导致部分生态景观造林工程缺乏必要的客观数据和科学依据，无法较好地发挥其生态功能。……