流行语“内卷”“躺平”的认知语用分析
2021-12-02黄雁瑜罗主宾
黄雁瑜 罗主宾
摘 要:“内卷”一词入选2020年十大流行语,其频繁出现于各社交媒体平台,使用过程中形成词形变体和语义变化。2021年,“躺平”爆红,与“躺赢”“躺赚”等形成了“躺”族新词。两者均符合汉语构词理据,具有摹状性,在一定程度上属于贬义词,具有叙实与评价、宣泄与调侃等语用功能。从“内卷”到“躺平”隐喻着当今社会人们生活的诸多现状,其背后具有深刻的社会文化动因,真实反映了社会无处不在的竞争状态以及人类与生存困境的抗争。
关键词:内卷 躺平 流行语 语用
中图分类号:H136 文献标识码:A文章编号:1672-3791(2021)08(c)-0187-04
A Cognitive and Pragmatic Analysis of the Popular Words "Neijuan" and "Tangping"
HUANG Yanyu LUO Zhubin
(Academy of Chinese, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan Province, 417000 China)
Abstract: The word "neijuan" was selected as one of the top ten buzzwords in 2020and frequently appeared on various social media platforms, forming morphological variants and semantic changes in the process of use. In 2021, "tangping" became popular, and "tangying" and "tangzhuan" formed new words of the "tang" family. Both of them are in line with Chinese word formation motivations, have descriptions, and are derogatory words to a certain extent, with pragmatic functions such as narration and evaluation, catharsis and ridicule. From "neijuan" to "tangying" metaphors the many status quo of people's lives in today's society, behind which there are profound social and cultural motivations, which truly reflect the ubiquitous state of competition in society and the struggle of human beings with survival dilemmas.
Key Words: Neijuan; Tangping; Buzzword; Pragmatics
語言是社会生活的真实反映,在网络传播技术的助推下,一些反映使用者强烈情感表达、折射社会文化生活的词语在各社会媒体平台高频使用,迅速成为网络热词。“内卷”和“躺平”这一对语义截然相反的词,因两者存在一定的因果关系而彼此联系到了一起。其词形本身能让人联想到“卷”和“躺”的动作,它们的引申义更具有隐喻性,反映了各行各业人们的情感诉求,而被人们在网络中广泛使用。
“内卷”一词入选《咬文嚼字》2020年十大网络流行语,形容激烈、过度的内部竞争而产生没有实质意义的消耗,隐喻着当今社会不同领域人们对内部非正常竞争无奈的现状。
例如:(1)今早九点五十五的课,七点四十多到教室见证到了内卷。(新浪微博,2020年10月20日)
(2)今天你内卷了吗?是的,又是内卷的一天。(今日热点,2020年10月28日)
“躺平”由平躺着引申为因面对压力而选择屈服、不作为的意思,由网络交际中的互相调侃而成为当下部分人的生活方式甚至是生存哲学。……
