地铁线路扣件刚度对钢轨振动与波磨的影响
2021-11-28朱宁杨新文赵治均
朱宁 杨新文 赵治均



摘要:為探明整体道床轨道区段波磨发生机理及其对轮轨系统参数的影响规律,建立轮对和整体道床轨道三维有限元模型,分析轮轨共振模态与整体道床钢轨振动特性,探讨钢轨扣件刚度和轮对振动模态对整体道床区段钢轨波磨的影响规律。结果表明:钢轨扣件刚度主要影响钢轨起跳共振频率,而对钢轨pinned-pinned共振频率影响甚微;较低的扣件刚度将激发钢轨较大的振动,在特定频段上过大的钢轨振动会导致对应波长波磨的加剧,进而加速波磨的发展;钢轨在358 Hz下的横向弯曲变形是地铁整体道床区段线路产生特征波长为40 mm波磨的主要原因,故可采取减振措施抑制轮轨系统在358 Hz处的横向振动响应,从而抑制波磨的产生和发展。
关键词:地铁;整体道床;无砟轨道;扣件;车轮;振动;钢轨波磨;有限元
中图分类号:TP391.99;U213.53
文献标志码:B
文章编号:1006-0871(2021)03-0049-06
DOI:10.13340/j.cae.2021.03.009
Abstract:To explore the mechanism of rail corrugation in monolithic ballast bed track section and its influence on wheel rail system parameters, the three-dimensional finite element model of wheel set and monolithic ballast bed track is established. The wheel rail resonance mode and the vibration characteristics of monolithic ballast bed rail are analyzed, and then the effects of rail fastening stiffness and wheel set vibration mode on rail corrugation in monolithic ballast bed section are studied. The results show that the rail fastening stiffness mainly affects the rail take-off resonance frequency, but affects little on the pinned-pinned resonance frequency. The lower rail fastening stiffness stimulates the greater vibration of the rail, and the excessive rail vibration in a specific frequency band aggravates the rail corrugation of the corresponding wavelength, so as to accelerate the corrugation development. The transverse bending deformation of rail at 358 Hz is the main reason for the characteristic wavelength of 40 mm rail corrugation in the monolithic ballast bed section of metro. Therefore, vibration reduction measures can be taken to suppress the lateral vibration response of wheel rail system at 358 Hz, and then the generation and development of rail corrugation can be restrained.
Key words:metro;monolithic ballast bed;ballastless track;rail fastening;wheel;vibration;rail corrugation;finite element
0 引 言
钢轨波磨是长期困扰铁路建设的问题,尤其是在重载铁路建设中,这一问题更严重。我国城市轨道交通发展迅猛,尤其是轨道投入运行超过30年后,钢轨波磨问题越来越成为困扰城市轨道交通工务维修养护人员的一个重要问题[1]。钢轨波磨不会实质性地影响钢轨的使用和行车安全,但在波磨严重的地段,列车振动和噪声增大,轮轨受力增大,扣件系统和车辆转向架容易产生裂纹[2],进而出现轨道部件破损(见图1),使轨道交通的运营成本增加,并影响轨道交通的运行安全。
各国学者对钢轨波磨的发生机理、特征和控制措施进行诸多研究,钢轨波磨的发生机理是认识并控制波磨的前提。……
