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TBM滚刀与岩石相互作用研究方法综述

2021-11-28黄兴张蒙祺王茜

河南科技 2021年14期

黄兴 张蒙祺 王茜

摘 要:盘形滚刀是用在全断面隧道掘进机(TBM)上的重要破岩工具。现阶段,利用全断面隧道掘进机进行硬岩隧道施工时,刀具损耗巨大,致使工期加长、施工效率低下。研究盘形滚刀与岩石的相互作用机理对于指导盘形滚刀选型、盘形滚刀形貌设计以及施工参数的选取都具有重要的理论意义与实践价值。作为开展滚刀-岩石相互作用机理研究工作中的一环,研究方法的设计显得尤为重要。本文介绍了国内外学者常用的研究滚刀与岩石相互作用机理的实验方法与数值模拟方法,分析了各类方法的优劣势,并就相关技术的未来发展进行了展望。

关键词:隧道掘进机;盘形滚刀;岩石破碎;相互作用

中图分类号:U455.31文献标识码:A文章编号:1003-5168(2021)14-0114-07

Abstract: The disc cuter is a key rock-breaking tool used in the tunnel boring machine (TBM). Currently, the cutter wear is severe when the TBM works in a hard rock stratum, which affects the construction speed and cost. The study of the interaction mechanism between disc cutter and rock has an important value on theoretical establishment and engineering application. Research method selection is a kay part of the interaction between cutter and rock investigation. In this paper, the experiment methods and numerical simulation methods used by scholars to study in interaction between disc cutter and rock were introduced, the advantages and disadvantages of each method were analyzed, and the future development of these technologies were prospected.

Keywords: tunnel boring machine;disk cutter;rock fragmentation;interaction mechanism

全断面隧道掘进机(Tunnel Boring Machine,TBM)是一种靠刀盘旋转并推进,通过滚刀进行破岩(岩石表面材料去除)而使隧洞全断面一次成型的大型工程机械设备,在跨流域调水、大型水电站引水输水及穿越山岭的铁路工程的长大隧道建设中发挥着关键作用。盘形滚刀位于TBM最前方,是直接与岩石发生接触的关键部件。TBM滚刀破岩的基本原理为:盘形滚刀在刀盘推力的作用下侵入岩石一定深度,依靠挤压使岩石内部产生裂纹,当相邻两把滚刀引发的侧向裂纹相互贯通时,会形成大块岩片剥落,同时刀盘旋转带动滚刀沿岩石表面滚动,实现连续地破岩掘进。

在侵入硬岩时,单把滚刀所承受的法向推力最高可达数十吨,并且硬岩弹脆性损伤的特点决定了滚刀破岩是伴随着振动与冲击的动态过程,意味着滚刀始终工作于冲击重载环境中,表面磨损速度极快[1-2]。……

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