传感器在材料杨氏模量测量中的应用研究
2021-11-28覃金波梁玉娟韦建喜邹秒宏
覃金波 梁玉娟 韦建喜 邹秒宏



摘 要:杨氏模量是工程材料的一个重要力学参数,它表征着材料抵抗弹性形变的能力。杨氏模量的测定对研究材料的力学性质有着重要意义,其测量方法众多,各有特点,适用于不同的测试条件。随着科学技术的快速发展,新的试验技术和方法不断涌现,YW-2型动态悬挂法杨氏模量测试仪是近年生产的新型测试仪器。该仪器借助传感器、示波器、信号发生器等来测量材料的杨氏模量。研究表明,若能准确鉴定基频,则试验结果准确度高,误差小。
关键词:杨氏模量;动态悬挂法;传感器;鉴频;共振频率
中图分类号:TH87文献标识码:A文章編号:1003-5168(2021)14-0018-03
Abstract: Young's modulus is an important mechanical parameter of engineering materials, which characterizes the ability of materials to resist elastic deformation.The measurement of Young's modulus is of great significance for studying the mechanical properties of materials, and there are many measurement methods, each with its own characteristics, and it is suitable for different test conditions. With the rapid development of science and technology, new test techniques and methods continue to emerge, and YW-2 Dynamic Suspension Method Young's Modulus Tester is a new type of testing instrument produced in recent years. The instrument uses sensors, oscilloscopes, signal generators, etc. to measure the Young's modulus of materials. Studies have shown that if the fundamental frequency can be accurately identified, the test results have high accuracy and small errors.
Keywords: Young's modulus;dynamic suspension method;sensor;frequency discrimination;resonance frequency
胡克定律指出,在物体的弹性限度内,应力与应变成正比,其比例系数被称为杨氏模量[1]。杨氏模量是描述材料抵抗纵向弹性形变能力的物理量,它表征了固体材料抵抗外力产生拉伸或压缩形变的能力,一般只与材料的性质和温度有关,与外力及物体的几何形状无关。对于一些材料而言,杨氏模量是一个常数,它仅与材料的结构、化学成分及其加工制造的方法有关,其大小标志着材料的刚性,杨氏模量越大,形变越不容易发生。杨氏模量是工程设计上选用材料时常涉及的重要参数之一,杨氏模量的准确测定对研究半导体、光纤材料、纳米材料、聚合物、金属材料、陶瓷和橡胶等材料的力学性质有着重要意义,还可用于机械零部件设计、生物力学和地质等领域。
杨氏模量测量方法可分为静态法和动态法。……
