农作物镉污染调控关键技术研究进展
2021-11-20林红梅林瑞余
林红梅 林瑞余
摘 要:重金属是影响土壤环境质量的主要污染物。镉由于移动性强、生物毒性高等特点,容易被作物吸收、迁移,从而通过食物链传递影响人体健康。在系统查阅国内外文献的基础上,从镉低积累作物品种的选育、镉污染土壤修复及农艺调控技术等方面综述农作物调控镉污染的关键技术,并探讨未来农作物镉污染调控的研究重点及应对策略,为镉污染耕地作物的安全生产以及农业可持续发展提供参考。
关键词:农作物;镉污染;调控技术
中图分类号:X 53 文献标志码:A 文章编号:0253-2301(2021)09-0069-07
DOI: 10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2021.09.012
Research Progress on the Key Techniques for Regulating andControlling the Cadmium Pollution in Crops
LIN Hong mei 1, LIN Rui yu2*
(1. Institute of Oceanography, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University,
Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; 2. College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and
Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China)
Abstract: Heavy metals are the main pollutants affecting the soil environmental quality. Cadmium (Cd) is easily to be absorbed and transported by the crops due to its strong transferability and high biological toxicity, thus affecting the human health through the food chain. Based on a systematic review of domestic and foreign literatures, the key technologies for regulating and controlling the cadmium pollution in crops were reviewed from the aspects of the selection of crop varieties with low Cd accumulation, the remediation of Cd contaminated soil and agronomic control techniques. In addition, the research focus and countermeasures for regulating and controlling the cadmium pollution of crops in the future were discussed, so as to provide reference for the safe production of crops in the cadmium contaminated cultivated land and the sustainable development of agricultre.Key words: Crops; Cadmium pollution; Regulation techniques
随着矿产资源的大量开发,尤其是锌矿的开发,地壳中的镉(Cadmium,Cd)大量被释放到环境中,同时,工业三废的不合理排放[1] 以及农业生产含镉生产资料(如污水、污泥、农药与化肥)的不合理利用,导致环境中镉污染日趋严重[2] 。2020年,中国生态环境状况公报指出,影响土壤环境质量的主要污染物是重金属,且镉被列为主要污染物之一。由于移动性强、生物毒性高等特点,环境中的镉极易被植物吸收、积累[3] 。植物体累积少量的镉往往无明显的受害症状,但累积到一定限度时将严重影响植物的生长发育、产量和品质,并通过食物链传递影响人體健康[4-5] 。镉具有致畸、致癌、致突变的“三致”效应,长期过量摄入镉超标的食品,容易引起人体蛋白尿、氨基酸尿、糖尿及软骨病等相关疾病,农作物镉污染问题已引起人们的高度重视[6] 。因此,研究农作物镉污染防控技术,降低农产品中的镉含量,对保障人们身体健康和农产品安全生产至关重要。……
