何佩云 龙梦千 冯洁 周良 黄小燕

摘要：【目的】明確2种水分处理下小同氮肥用量对苦荞生长的影响。【方法】以苦荞品种‘晋养2号为试验材料，研究止常供水.零氮处理（ OD-ON）、止常供水.低氮处理（OD-LN）、正常供水.中氮处理（OD-MN）、正常供水-高氮处理（ OD-HN）、重度干旱-零氮处理（HD-No）、重度干旱-低氮处理（HD-N1）、重度干旱-中氮处理（HD-N，）以及重度干旱一高氮处理（ HD-N3）对苦荞农艺性状、根系形态和叶片抗氧化酶活性的影响。【结果】止常供水处理时，各生育期苦荞的农艺性状、根系形态指标和叶片的抗氧化酶活性随施氮量的增加均表现为先增加后降低，均以OD-MN处理显著高于其余3个处理（P<0 05）;T旱胁迫时，各生育期苦荞的农艺性状、根系形态指标和叶片的抗氧化酶活性随施氮量的增加基本呈持续增加的趋势，均以HD-N3处理显著高于其余3个处理（P< 0.05）。正常供水时苦荞的产量随施氮量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势，以中氮处理最高，是小施氮处理的2.90倍;T旱胁迫时苦荞的产量则随施氮量的增加呈持续增加的趋势，以高氮处理最高，是小施氮处理的3 29倍。【结论】干旱胁迫时可通过增施氮肥（ 172.413 kg·hm-2）促进苦荞的生长，是小施氮处理粒重的1.76倍、产量的3.29倍，建议在生产上使用。

关键词：苦荞;T旱胁迫;氮肥调控;生长发育;酶活性

中图分类号：S 311

文献标志码：A

文章编号：1008-0384（ 2021）08-0892-07

Response of Tartary Buckwheat to Nitrogen Application under Drought Stress

HE Peiyun 1， LONG Mengqian 1， FENG Jie 2. ZHOU Liang 2，

HUANG Xiaoyan 2* '

（1.School of Life Science. Guizhou Nonrial University， Guiyang， Guizhou 550001. China： 2. Technological Research Center of

Buckwheat Industry， Guizhou Normal University， Guiyang， Guizhou 55000I. China ）

Abstract： 【Objective】Effects of varied nitrogen fertilization on the growth and grain yield of Tartary buckwheat Jinqia0 2under draught stress were studied. 【Method】Agronomic characteristics. root morphology， and antioxidant enzyme activityof Tartary buckwheat plants under 8 treatments of varied combinations on water and nitrogen supplies were monitored. Thetreatments included （1） OD-ON that provided normal water irrigation without added nitrogen fertilization. （2） OD-LN that used alow nitrogen application with normal water supply， （3） OD-MN that added a medium level of nitrogen under normal watersupply， （4） OD-HN that applied a high nitrogen fertilization with normal water supply， （5） HD-NO that imposed a severedrought condition without nitrogen addition， （6） HD-NI that used a low nitrogen application under severe drought， （7） HD-N2that fertilized with medium level of nitrogen at severe drought condition， and （8） HD-N3 that supplied high nitrogen undersevere drought.【Result】 Agronomically， morphologically. and enzymatically， the treated Tartary buckwheat wassignificantly affected by the treatments. Supplied with normally required water， the plants were increasingly affected by theincreased nitrogen addition to reach a significantly higher peak under OD-MN than the other treatment before declining（P< 0.05）. Under drought， on the other hand， the plant physiochemical indices rose along with increasing nitrogen to maximizeby HD-N3 which was significantly higher than other treatments （P< 0.05）. With normal water supply， the yield of buckwheatpeaked on OD-MN. which was 2.90 times of that without the fertilization. In contrast. under draught， the yield increased 3.29folds with a high nitrogen application.【Conclusion】It appeared that nitrogen fertilization at a rate of 172.413 kg·hm-2under draught could not only improve the growth but also increase l .76-fold on grain weight and 3.29-fold on production yieldof Tartary buckwheat.

Key words： Tartary buckwheat; drought stress; nitrogen fertilization： growth and development; enzymatic activity

0 引言

【研究意義】贵州省地处云贵高原，属典型的喀斯特地貌，独特的二元水文结构导使当地干旱发生频繁[1-2]，干旱已然成为限制贵州农业高产稳产的重要因素之一。苦荞（Fagopyrum）保健价值高[3-4]、生育期较短、耐冷凉和贫瘠、适应性强等特点决定了其在贵州特色农业产业中的重要地位。虽然苦荞能耐一定程度的干旱胁迫，但并非喜旱，遭遇干旱会严重影响其产量[5]。为此研究干旱胁迫下栽培措施对苦荞生长的调控机制，对指导当地苦荞高产栽培具有重要意义。【前人研究进展】干旱是影响作物生长发育及产量形成的重要非生物学胁迫之一[5]，对作物产量造成的损失超过了其非生物胁迫之和[6]。已有研究表明，干旱胁迫时苦荞的根系形态生理[5]、抗氧化酶活性[7]、地上部农艺性状[8]等均会产生影响。……