周旦 王欣 郭小军 孙杰 黄庆 叶会财 解开治 刘一锋 徐培智

摘要：【目的】以40年紅壤长期有机培肥试验为研究平台，探究长期施用紫云英、猪粪及秸秆还田对稻田土壤有机碳组分、土壤微生物量及水稻产量的影响。【方法】设置6个处理：小施肥处理（ CK）、化肥处理（NPK）、早稻施绿肥紫云英处理（MI）、早稻施绿肥紫云英和早稻施猪粪处理（M2）、早稻施绿肥紫云英和晚稻施猪粪处理（ M3）、早稻施绿肥紫云英和晚稻秸秆还田处理（M4）。于2020年晚稻收获前采集耕作层（0～20 cm）土壤样品，测定土壤有机碳组分、微生物量碳氮等肥力指标。【结果】（l）长期有机培肥处理提高了水稻产量，较小施肥处理CK相比，绿肥紫云英添加猪粪的M2、M3处理早稻产量，分别提高1.4、1.25倍，晚稻产量则分别提高0.59、0.65倍;绿肥紫云英添加猪粪的M2、M3处理早稻产量，较化肥NPK处理分别提升18.1%、10.6%，晚稻产量分别提升15 .7%、20.0%。（2）长期有机培肥处理提高了各形态土壤有机碳组分含量，早稻绿肥紫云英+猪粪的M2处理较小施肥CK处理显著提高易氧化性有机碳、游离态颗粒有机碳、可溶性有机碳含量（P<0.05），且有机碳各组分含量均高于化肥NPK处理，其中游离态颗粒有机碳含量M2处理（0.97 g·kg-l）显著高于NPK处理（0.68g·kg-l）（P<0.05）;化肥NPK处理和有机培肥处理（M1、M2、M3、M4）土壤微生物量碳较小施肥CK处理相比提高了22.1%- 58.9%，早稻绿肥紫云英+猪粪的M2处理土壤微生物量碳含量（231.2 mg·kg-1）最高且提升最为明显（P<0 05）。（3）长期有机培肥提高了游离态颗粒有机碳和可溶性有机碳的分配比例，且早稻施绿肥紫云英+猪粪M2处理效果明显;易氧化性有机碳是红壤有机碳的主要存在形式;土壤有机碳与易氧化性有机碳、游离态颗粒有机碳及可溶性有机碳呈极显著止相关关系（P<0.01）。（4）长期有机培肥提高了全氮、碱解氮等养分指标，产量与速效磷、有机碳、全氮、速效氮、可溶性有机碳极显著相关（P<0.01），与全磷、游离态颗粒有机碳、易氧化性有机碳显著相关（P<0 05）。【结论】长期有机培肥通过提升红壤肥力水平，调增可溶性有机碳含量，促进水稻稳产增产，尤其是紫云英添加猪粪处理模式具有较好的应用潜力。

关键词：红壤;长期有机培肥;有机碳组分;微生物量碳氮;产量

中图分类号：S 144.9;Q 939.96

文献标志码：A

文章编号：1008-03 84（ 2021）08-0867-11

Effects of Long-term Organic Fertilization on Organic Carbon and Microbial

Community in Red Soil and Rice Yield

ZHOUDan 1.2. WANGXin 1.2，GUOXiaojun 1.2， SUNJie 2， HUANGQinghaj 3，

YE Huicai 3. XIE Kaizhi 1.2. LIU Yifeng 4*. XU Peizhi 1.2*

（I.College of Resources and Environmental Science， Gansu Agricultural Universty， Lanzhou. Gansu 730070， China;

2.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment. Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Guangzhou， Guangdong510640， China; 3. Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil. Nanchang， Jiangxi 331717. China; 4. Guangdong AgriculturalEnvironment and Cultivated Land Ouality Protection Center， Guangzhou， Guangdong 510500， China）

Abstract： 【Objective】 Effects of long-term application of organic waste. such as Chinese milk vetch. pig manure. and/orstraws. on the organic carbon components and microbial biomass in the soil. as well as the yield of rice cultivated twoconsecutive seasons in a year on the land were studied with the aid of a 40-year research project on red soil of rice paddyfields.【Methods】 Six treatments designed for the study included （1） CK of no added fertilizer. （2） NPK of chemical fertilizerapplication， （3） M1 0f Chinese milk vetch fertilization on early rice， （4） M2 0f Chinese milk vetch plus pig manure applications onearly rice， （5） M3 0f Chinese milk vetch applied on early rice and pig manure on late rice. and （6） M4 0f Chinese milk vetchapplication on early rice and straw retuming on late rice. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 020 cm before the late rice wasbarvested in 2020 for fertility determinations on organic carbons. microbial biomass， nitrogen， etc.【Result】 （1） Long-termorganic fertilization could increase rice yield. As shown in the study， the yields of the early rice under M2 and M3 increased I .4and l.25 times， respectively， and those of the late rice 0.59 and 0.65 times， respectively， over CK. In comparison with NPK， M2and M3 raised the early rice yield by 18.1% and 10.6%， respectively， and the late rice yield by 15.7% and 20.0%， respectively.（2） Long-term organic fertilization could enhance the organic carbon content in soil. As compared to CK. the contents ofpermanganate oxidative organic carbon， free particulate organic carbon， and dissolved organic carbon on the early rice fieldunder M2 significantly increased （P<0.05）. The free particulate organic carbon content of 0.97g . kg-l was significantly higherthan that under NPK treatment at 0.68 g·kg-1. The microbial biomass carbon in the soil under NPK. M1. M2. M3， or M4 was22.1% t0 58.9% higher than CK with the early rice field rendering the most significant effect at 231.2 mg·kg-l （P<0.05）.（3） Long-term organic fertilization could heighten the ratio of free particulate carbon and dissolved organic carbon distributionsin soil. The most significant results were observed on the early rice lots under M2. and the main form of carbon waspermanganate oxidative organic carbon. In the soil， organic carbon correlated with permanganate oxidative organic carbon， freeparticulate carbon. and dissolved organic carbon （P< 0.01）. And （4） long-term organic fertilization could also increase the totalnitrogen， alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen， and other nutrients in the soil. The rice yield was found significantly correlate with theavailable phosphorus， organic carbon， total nitrogen， available nitrogen， and dissolved organic carbon in soil at P

Key words： Red soil; long-term organic fertilization; organic carbons; microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen; yield

0 引言

【研究意义】红壤性水稻土是我国进行水稻种植的重要土壤类型[1]，但因其氧化势高、淋溶作用强，可供生物利用的有机质和养分含量相對较低[2]，易对水稻生长构成胁迫[3]。加之农业生产中长期大量施用化肥，尤其是氮肥，一方面会造成土壤酸化，土壤团粒结构遭到破坏，土壤板结、透气性差等，导致土壤质量严重下降，制约农田生态可持续发展[4-5];另一方面，化肥施用也导致土壤中的有益微生物减少，微生物活性降低[6]。……