朱方林 朱大威

摘要：  在未来农村改革持续深化、宅基地全面市场化的大胆预测下，基于对江苏省785位农民和市民的问卷调查，利用有序Logistic模型分析城乡居民对农村宅基地使用权充分放活态度的影响因素。结果表明：46.8%的受访者支持农村宅基地使用权市场化流转，32.9%的受访者对此持否定态度，20.4%的受访者保持中立态度;影响城乡居民宅基地使用权市场化流转态度的主要因素为受访者身份类型、宅基地是否闲置、对宅基地“三权分置”政策了解程度、对宅基地使用权转让政策的认知、对利用农房从事经营活动的态度、对宅基地“三权分置”政策的态度。由此提出顶层设计宅基地制度改革近期和中远期目标、加快宅基地使用权由适度放活到充分放活进程、建立宅基地市场化流转的风险防控机制、加大对宅基地制度改革的宣传引导力度等方面的政策建议。

关键词：  城乡居民; 宅基地; 充分放活; 态度; 三权分置

中图分类号：  F321.1    文献标识码： A    文章编号：  1000-4440（2021）05-1327-06

Attitude of full liberalization of rural homestead use right based on ordered Logistic model

ZHU Fang-lin  1，2，3 ， ZHU Da-wei  1，2

（1.Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development， Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Nanjing 210014， China; 2.Consulting Research Base of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Policy of Jiangsu Province， Nanjing 210014， China; 3.School of Finance and Economics， Jiangsu University， Zhenjiang 212013， China）

Abstract：  On the premise of bold prediction of continuous deepening of rural reform and full marketization of homestead in the future， and based on the questionnaire survey of 785 farmers and citizens in Jiangsu province， ordered Logistic model was used to analyze influencing factors of urban and rural residents attitude toward full liberalization of rural homestead use right. The results showed that， 46.8% and 32.9% of the respondents were for and against market-oriented transferring of the use right of rural homestead， while the rest 20.4% hold a neutral attitude. The main influencing factors of respondents attitude included respondents identity type， whether the homestead was idled or not， understanding of the “Three Rights Separation” policy， cognition of the use-right transferring policy of homestead， attitude toward using rural housing in business activities， and attitude toward "Three Rights Separation" policy. Policy proposals were then put forward on short-term and medium-long term goals of the top-level designing of homestead system reform， speeding up the process of the use right of homestead from moderate releasing to fully releasing， establishing risk-prevention and risk-control mechanisms of the free circulation of homestead， and increasing the publicity and guidance of the reform of homestead system.

Key words：  urban and rural residents; homestead; fully enliven; attitude; Three Rights Separation

宅基地制度改革是深化農村改革的重要领域，当前中国正处于适度放活宅基地使用权的稳慎推进改革阶段，已经形成了宅基地制度改革的典型模式、典型经验、典型政策和典型机制，取得了丰硕的改革成果。充分放活宅基地使用权，是未来推进全面深化宅基地改革的重要方向。

“市场化流转”是充分放活宅基地使用权的精髓所在。与国家鼓励承包地经营权流转、适度集中的态度相反，国家对于宅基地使用权转让设置了颇为严苛的条件，防范宅基地集中到少数人手里。……