徐晶 张正峰

摘要：  傳统农业劳动力的流失以及现代农业的普及推动了农业机械在农业生产领域的广泛使用。当前，小农户经营格局的限制导致多数农业经营者购买农业机械的难度较大，由此促进了农机社会化服务的出现和发展。农机社会化服务通过替代农业生产劳动力、普及生产技术以及降低生产成本，从而对农业生产和农地流转发挥了重要作用。基于中国家庭金融调查（CHFS）2015年的微观农户数据，运用Probit模型和Tobit模型实证研究了农机社会化服务对农地转出和农地转入的影响，同时还通过对样本分组开展了异质性分析。结果表明：1）农机社会化服务的推广对农地转出和转入均产生了显著影响。其中农机社会化服务对农户的农地转出行为和转出规模产生了显著的负向影响，对农地转入行为和转入规模则产生了显著的正向影响。2）农机社会化服务在不同年龄类型农户以及不同生产区域的农户中所发挥的影响也具有差异。因此，应大力发展农机社会化服务，完善农业社会化服务体系，培育农机租赁服务主体;基于不同类型农户的发展特征，实施多元化的农机服务和技术保障;针对不同农业生产区域的发展情况，因地制宜地加强农机租赁推广和技术帮扶力度;提高小农户在农业生产中的组织化水平。

关键词：  农机社会化服务; 农地流转; 小农户; 规模经营

中图分类号：  F323.6    文献标识码： A    文章编号：  1000-4440（2021）05-1310-10

Effects of agricultural machinery socialization service on farmland transfer

XU Jing， ZHANG Zheng-feng

（School of Public Administration and Policy， Renmin University of China， Beijing 100872， China）

Abstract：  The loss of traditional agricultural labor force and the popularization of modern agriculture promote the extensive use of agricultural machinery in the field of agricultural production. At present， the restriction of small-scale farming pattern makes it more difficult for most agricultural operators to buy agricultural machinery， which promotes the emergence and development of agricultural machinery socialization service. The agricultural machinery socialization service plays an important role in agricultural production and farmland transfer by replacing agricultural labor， popularizing production technology and reducing production cost. Based on the data of China Household Finance Survey （CHFS） in 2015， Probit model and Tobit model were used to empirically analyze the impact of agricultural machinery socialization service on farmland transfer， and heterogeneity analysis was carried out through sample grouping. The results showed that the promotion of agricultural machinery socialization service had a significant impact on the farmland transfer out and transfer in. The agricultural machinery socialization service had a significant negative impact on the behavior and scale of rural land transfer out， and a significant positive impact on farmland transfer in. In addition， the impacts of agricultural machinery socialization service were also different in various age types and production areas. Therefore， the agricultural machinery socialization service should be fully developed and diversified agricultural machinery services and technical support should be implemented. In addition， we should strengthen the promotion of agricultural machinery service and technical assistance according to local conditions and improve the organization level of small farmers in agricultural production.

Key words：  agricultural machinery socialization service; farmland transfer; small farmers; appropriate scale of agricultural operation

粮食生产与现代农业发展是当前国际社会关注的热点。……