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蒸汽爆破对从植物中提取的多酚含量及抗氧化活性影响的研究进展

2021-11-14夏智慧崔文玉丰程凤罗凯云程安玮

江苏农业学报 2021年5期

夏智慧 崔文玉 丰程凤 罗凯云 程安玮

摘要:  蒸汽爆破是一种新兴的原料预处理技术,通过高温高压和蒸汽瞬间释压作用于生物基质,可实现物料在组分水平、组织水平和细胞水平上的分级分离。本文简要介绍了蒸汽爆破过程中原料所发生的主要的物理、化学变化,阐述了蒸汽爆破技术对粮油、果蔬和其他原料中提取的植物多酚含量以及体外和细胞内抗氧化活性的影响,并对蒸汽爆破的研究前景进行了展望,以期进一步拓展该技术在食品加工行业的应用范围。

关键词:  蒸汽爆破; 植物多酚; 抗氧化活性

中图分类号:  TS201.1    文献标识码: A    文章编号:  1000-4440(2021)05-1352-09

Research progress on the effects of steam explosion on the content and antioxidant activity of polyphenols extracted from plants

XIA Zhi-hui, CUI Wen-yu, FENG Cheng-feng, LUO Kai-yun, CHENG An-wei

(College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University/Hunan Rapeseed Oil Nutrition, Health and Deep Development Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha 410128, China)

Abstract:  Steam explosion, as a new technology of material pretreatment, can achieve the separation of bioactivity compounds at the component, tissue and cell levels by the instantaneous pressure relief on biomass under the dual action of high temperature and pressure. This paper briefly introduced the main physico-chemical changes of raw materials in the process of steam explosion, expounded the effects of steam explosion on the content of plant polyphenols in grain, oil, fruit and vegetable and other raw materials and their antioxidant activity  in vitro  and in cells, and prospected the research of steam explosion, in order to further expand the application scope of steam explosion in food processing industry.

Key words:  steam explosion; plant polyphenols; antioxidant activity

植物多酚是植物體中分子结构具有多个羟基的次生代谢物,被称为第七大营养素,多酚的结构和结合方式复杂,种类繁多,主要包括酚类、羟基苯甲酸和肉桂酸衍生物、类黄酮、花青素、香豆素和单宁等  [1] 。植物多酚具有抗氧化、清除自由基、抗癌、抑菌、抗病毒等功效。

蒸汽爆破技术可通过高温高压和瞬间释压过程来实现对质地坚硬的原料中组分的分离和结构的改变,具有类酸性水解、热降解、类机械断裂、氢键破坏以及结构重排等多种作用,是一项新近发展起来的农产品原料预处理技术,其过程示意图见图1。该技术因具有无污染、缩短原料预处理时间、提高活性物质的提取率,降低能量消耗和加工成本,适应工业化等优点,逐渐成为从植物性原料中提取生物活性物质提高综合附加值的重要手段之一  [2-3] 。……

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