赵洋 刘振 杨培迪 宁静 成杨 杨阳

摘要：  为了给黄金茶种质资源鉴定、评价和茶树品种选育提供数据和材料基础，对25份黄金茶种质资源的水浸出物、茶多酚、氨基酸、咖啡碱、茶氨酸等生化成分含量进行检测，结合聚类分析和主成分分析，对黄金茶种质资源主要生化成分统计参数的遗传多样性进行鉴定、评价。结果表明，黄金茶种质资源生化成分具有丰富的遗传多样性，平均遗传多样性指数为2.74，变异系数为 5.73%～ 19.58%;基于生化成分，将25份种质资源分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ 2个类群，这2个类群在茶多酚含量、水浸出物含量和酚氨比上存在显著差异，Ⅰ类群茶多酚含量比Ⅱ类群高;主成分分析的前3个主成分代表了生化成分多样性92.67%的信息，第1主成分得分为正的资源被归为Ⅰ类群，得分为负的资源被归为Ⅱ类群。初步筛选出1份高氨基酸含量资源，3份高茶多酚含量资源。

关键词：  茶树; 种质资源; 遗传多样性; 生化成分; 主成分分析; 聚类分析

中图分类号：  S571.132    文献标识码： A    文章编号：  1000-4440（2021）05-1285-07

Diversity analysis of biochemical components in Huangjincha （ Camellia sinensis ） germplasm resources

ZHAO Yang， LIU Zhen， YANG Pei-di， NING Jing， CHENG Yang， YANG Yang

（Hunan Tea Research Institute， Changsha 410125， China）

Abstract：   In order to provide data and material basis for the identification and evaluation of Huangjincha germplasm resources and the breeding of tea varieties， the contents of water extracts， tea polyphenols， amino acid， caffeine and theanine of 25 Huangjincha germplasm resources were detected， then the principal component analysis and cluster analysis were performed on the test data. The results showed that there was abundant diversity in biochemical components of Huangjincha germplasm resources. The average genetic diversity index was 2.74. The coefficient of variation ranged from 5.73% to 19.58%. Based on the biochemical components， 25 germplasm resources were divided into two groups. There were significant differences between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ in tea polyphenol content， water extract content and the ration of phenol/ammonia. The content of tea polyphenol in group Ⅰ was higher than that in group Ⅱ. In principal component analysis， the first three principal components represented 92.67% of the biochemical diversity. The resources with a positive score of the first principal component were classified as group Ⅰ， while the resources with a negative score were classified as group Ⅱ. One  resource with high amino acid content and three resources with high tea polyphenol content were preliminarily screened out.

Key words：  tea plant; germplasm resource; genetic diversity; biochemical component; principal component analysis; cluster analysis

茶樹种质资源在茶叶科学研究中十分重要，是品种创新、生产上直接利用或进行生物技术研究的物质基础。茶树种质资源丰富，存在大量特异性种质资源。黄金茶是古老、特异、珍稀的地方茶树种质资源，原产地位于湖南湘西保靖县葫芦镇黄金村。近年来，随着人们对黄金茶的研究与开发利用，其地位与湖南四大茶树地方群体资源日益接近。黄金茶茶树有很多优良单株，目前研究者已经从黄金茶茶树资源中选育出了保靖黄金茶1号、黄金茶2号、黄金茶168号3个茶树品种。……