欧文慧 汪爱玲 王建凯 许松 郦希墨 张晓伟 韩建萍 张卫华 李静 史梅容

摘 要： 采用野外濕地样方调查及结合文献资料，选择物种多样性指数，研究了湖北远安县湿地植物多样性、区系特征、主要群落类型及数量特征。结果表明：远安县湿地植物有108科264属360种，科级区系分布类型可划分为7类5种变型，以世界广布和热带分布型为主，温带分布类型较少，中国特有类型仅1科。县域范围内分布的典型湿地植物群落54种，群落物种多样性指数中，Patrick指数均值为18.80±5.19;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均值为2.15±0.39;Simpson优势度指数均值为0.81±0.10;Pielou均匀度指数均值为0.75±0.10;Margalef指数均值为3.44±0.87。鬼针草群丛的Patrick指数与Margalef指数最低，竹叶眼子菜群丛的香农多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数、Pielou均匀度指数最低;芋群丛Patrick指数最高，乌桕群丛Pielou均匀度指数最高，加杨群丛香农多样性指数和Simpson优势度指数最高，白饭树群丛Margalef指数最高。该研究结果可为远安县及类似地区湿地生态系统保护修复及湿地资源管理提供了基础资料和科学依据。

关键词： 物种多样性;植物区系;湿地植物群落;远安县

中图分类号：Q948.1   文献标识码：A   文章编号：1004-3020（2021）05-0048-08

Flora and Community Diversity of Wetland Plant in Yuanan，Hubei Province

Ou Wenhui（1）  Wang Ailing（2）  Wang Jiankai（2） Xu Song（2）  Li Ximo（2）  Zhang Xiaowei（2）  Han Jianping（3）  Zhang Weihua（3） Li Jing（4） Shi Meirong（5）

（1.Faculty of Resources and Environment，Hubei University Wuhan 430062;

2.Hubei Yuanan Juhe National Wetland Park Administration Yichang 444299;

3.Jingmen Forest Science and Technology Extension Center Jingmen 448000;

4.Hubei Xisaiguo National Forest Park Administration Yichang 443100;

5.Wuhan Forestry Investigation，Planning and Design Institute Wuhan 430023）

Abstract： Wetlands with many important ecosystem service functions were considered to be the most biologically diverse ecosystems in nature.The health and function of wetland ecosystems were profoundly affected by plant diversity.The understanding of plant diversity and flora was considered an important prerequisite for the development of wetland ecosystem management.Based on literature data and survey results of wetland patch samples，the authors analyzed the wetland plant species，flora，typical communities and diversity characteristics of Yuanan.The results showed that there were 108 families，264 genera and 360 species of wetland plants in Yuanan.The family-level floristic distribution types could be divided into 7 types and 5 variants.The distribution types were mainly widespread and tropical in the world，while the temperate distribution types were few.There was only 1 family belong to endemic to China type.There were 54 typical wetland plant communities distributed within the county.The results of different species diversity index shown that，the average Patrick index，Shannon-Wiener diversity index，Simpson index，Pielou index and Margalef index was 18.80±5.19，2.15±0.39，0.81±0.10，0.75±0.10 and 3.44±0.87，respectively.The Patrick index and Margalef index of the Bidens pilosa form were the lowest，the Shannon-Wiener diversity index，the Simpson index，and the Pielou index of the Potamogeton malaianus form were the lowest;the Patrick index of the Colocasia esculenta form was the highest，and the Pielou of the Sapium sebiferum form was the highest.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Simpson index of the Populus canadensis form group were the highest，and the Margalef index of the Flueggea virosa form was the highest.The research results provide basic data and scientific basis for the protection and restoration of wetland ecosystems and management of wetland resources in Yuanan and similar areas.

Key words： species diversity;flora;wetland plant community;Yuanan Country

根据《湿地公约》的定义，湿地是指天然或人工、常年或季节性、蓄有静止或流动的淡水、半咸水或咸水沼泽地、泥炭地或水域，包括低潮时水深不超过6 m的海域[1]。湿地与人类的生存、繁衍、发展息息相关，是自然界最富生物多样性的生态系统和人类最重要的生存环境之一，在蓄洪防旱、调节气候、控制土壤侵蚀、促淤造陆、降解环境污染等方面体现出重要的生态功能[2，3]。……