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东北三省国家级风景名胜区文化景观分类体系及价值特征

2021-11-10王志茹张敏

中国城市林业 2021年5期

王志茹 张敏

摘要: 文章基于世界遗产文化景观相关研究成果,以东北三省国家级风景名胜区为样本,探索其文化景观分类体系与世界遗产文化景观类型的对应关系,挖掘并总结东北三省地区特有的文化景观价值特征,在中国和世界遗产体系中明晰、传播中国东北三省地域特色的文化景观的潜在价值,进而为弥补中国遗产保护体系中文化景观研究的缺口积累经验。

关键词: 国家级风景名胜区,文化景观,分类体系,价值特征,东北三省

DOI: 10.12169/zgcsly.2020.04.14.0001

Cultural Landscape Classification System and Value Characteristic of National Scenic Spots in the Three Eastern Provinces of China

Wang Zhiru Zhang Min

(College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin150040, China)

Abstract: The breakthrough development that the topic of “cultural landscape” has achieved in the better understanding of the relationship between culture and nature provide an opportunity for the transformation of the scenic spots classification and its value evaluation methods in China. With reference to the relevant research on cultural landscapes of the World Heritage , the paper takes the national scenic spots in the three eastern provinces of China to explore the corresponding relationship between the cultural landscape classification system of the national scenic spots in there and the cultural landscape types of the World Heritage and summarize the cultural landscape value characteristics which are unique in the three eastern provinces, so as to clarify and spread the potential values of culture landscapes with regional characteristics of eastern provinces from the China and even the world heritage system. This study is expected to accumulate experience to fill the gap of cultural landscape research for heritage protection system in China.

Keywords:national scenic spot, cultural landscape, classification system, value characteristic, the Three Eastern Provinces

从新文化地理学的崛起,到1992年世界遗产委员会将“文化景观”类别列入世界遗产分类体系,越来越多的国家认识到“文化景观”议题的重要性[1] 。然而在探索过程中,文化景观的含义因为不同国家的历史人文背景、政治体系的差异而丰富多样,如对于景观的意义,尤其是与自然有关的风景的意义,中国人有着独特的人文视野与哲学根基[2] 。作为世界遗产的杰出代表,中国风景名胜区是国际世界遗产的重要组成部分,探索其文化景观分类体系与价值特征具有重要意义。

作为我国自然资源较丰富的区域之一,东北三省风景名胜区文化景观相关研究起步较晚,具有较大的研究潜力。本文采用分析法与实地调研结合的方式,在现象学、诠释学、自然主义与人文研究的基础上,对东北三省的国家级风景名胜区典型文化景观分类体系与总体价值特征展开定性研究[3] ,具体技术路线如图1。

1 世界遗产文化景观相关理论

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