杨英书 胡希军 金晓玲 张凌宏 杨岑 粟德琼

摘要： 文章采用典型樣地法对怀化市郊野公园和城市公园中的127个植物群落进行实地调查，并对比分析73个阔叶和针阔混交密林的物种组成、数量特征、垂直结构、植物多样性。研究结果表明：怀化城市公园共有448种植物，隶属于109科283属，其中木本植物322种，草本植物126种;乡土植物418种，外来植物30种。乔木层以香樟、桂花和杨梅为主，常绿与落叶植物重要值比为5.7∶4.3;灌木层以红叶石楠、木芙蓉、山茶为主;地被植物以沟叶结缕草和杜鹃为主;建成年代较久的公园比新建公园植物种类和层次结构丰富，常绿植物重要值较大;与郊野公园相比较，城市公园绿地存在植物种类偏少、层次结构简单、自然化程度低、季相变化小、景观单调等不足。基于以上结果，提出丰富植物种类、模拟自然群落、提升艺术性等群落优化建议。

关键词： 植物群落优化，城市公园，地域特色，怀化市

DOI： 10.12169/zgcsly.2021.08.23.0002

Plant Community Optimization of Urban Parks Based on Regional Characteristics in Huaihua City

Yang Yingshu1，2Hu Xijun1Jin Xiaoling1Zhang Linghong3Yang Cen4Su Deqiong5

（1.College of Landscape Architecture， Central South University of Forestry and Technology， Changsha 410004， China;

2.Municipal Facilities Maintenance Department， Huaihua 418000， Hunan， China;

3.Huaihua Forestry Research Institute， Huaihua 418000， Hunan， China;

4.Hunan Agricultural University， Changsha 410128， China;

5.Huaihua Vocational and Technical College， Huaihua 418000， Hunan， China）

Abstract： This paper uses the typical sample plot method to conduct a field investigation of 127 plant communities in the country parks and urban parks in Huaihua City， and analyzes the species composition， quantity features， vertical structure， and plant diversity of 73 broad-leaved forest and mixed broadleaf-conifer dense forest. The results suggest that the urban parks in Huaihua is home to 448 species of plants， belonging to 283 genera and 109 families， among which there are 322 species of woody plants and 126 species of herbaceous plants while there are 418 native species and 30 exotic species. The arborous layer is mainly composed of  Cinnamomum camphora ，  Osmanthus fragrans  and  Myrica rubra  with the importance value ratio between evergreen plants and deciduous plants is 5.7∶ 4.3. The shrub layer is dominated by  Photinia fraseri ，  Hibiscus mutabilis  and  Camellia japonica ， and the ground covers mainly consist of  Zoysia matrella  and  Rhododendron simsii . The parks with a longer history have more plant species， richer plant structures and higher importance value in evergreen plants than the newly built ones. Compared with country parks， urban parks have less species， simpler layer structures， fewer seasonal changes， and monotonous landscapes. On this basis， this paper puts forwards suggestions to diversify plant species， simulate natural community， and enhance aesthetic artistry.

Keywords：plant community optimization， urban park， regional characteristics， Huaihua City

“绿康城市”论是当今缓解城市病与城市人群病的理想模式之一，植物多樣性和植物群落近自然性是建设“绿康城市”的一种重要措施[1] 。公园绿地是城市绿地系统的重要组成部分[2] ，在城市各类绿地中常居首要地位[3] ，是城市植物多样性最具代表性的场所[4] ，植物群落近自然化配置很有必要。城市公园植物配置最理想的效果是实现景观效益和生态效益并重[5] 。近年来，怀化城市公园绿地“草坪风”仍然流行，植物配置重景观轻生态现象还比较突出。在对比研究城市公园人工植物群落与郊野公园自然植物群落物种组成、数量特征、垂直结构、植物多样性差异的基础上，提出植物群落优化措施[6] ，以期为怀化及周边地区城市公园绿地植物配置提供参考。……