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一种新型修船坞墩的研制

2021-11-09冯木水王兴策周世基杨胜强邓习娟

广东造船 2021年5期

冯木水 王兴策 周世基 杨胜强 邓习娟

摘    要:修船厂经常需要更换船底板,或者在船底开工艺孔,这些工程都需要在船舶进坞坐墩后拆除相关位置的坞墩,待船底换板后再重新装上坞墩。本文介绍我司研制的一种新型坞墩,它由基座、砂箱、铁凳,坞木组成。这种坞墩可以快速拆装,不需要把坞木凿碎,没有木材损耗,大大缩短了拆墩的时间,特别适用于修船厂。新型坞墩的研制成功和推广应用,对提高船舶坞修的工作效率,降低劳动强度,缩短坞修周期,降低成本,效果显著。

关键词:修船;沙箱;坞墩

中图分类号:U673.33                               文献标识码:A

Development of a New Dock Block for Ship Repair

FENG Mushui1, WANG Xingce1, ZHOU Shiji1, YANG Shengqiang1, DENG Xijuan2

( 1.Guangzhou Wenchong Dockyard Co.,Ltd., Guangzhou 511462; 2. Guangzhou Marine Engineering Corporation, Guangzhou 510250 )

Abstract: During ship repair, it is often necessary to replace the bottom plating of the ship, or to cut holes in the bottom of the ship, these projects require the removal of the dock block at the relevant location after the ship is docked, and the dock block is added again after the bottom plating is replaced. This paper introduces a new dock block developed by our factory, which is composed of base, sand box, iron stool and dock wood. The dock block can be quickly detached and installed without breaking dock wood, has no wood loss and the time of block dismantling is greatly shortened, it is especially suitable for ship repair and will improve the efficiency of ship dock repair, reduce labor intensity, shorten dry dock repair cycle and reduce cost.

Key words: Ship repair; Sand case; Dock block

1     前言

很多船舶因為海损或者腐蚀,经常需要在船坞内大面积更换船底板,这项工作涉及到坞墩的拆除。目前多数船厂采用的坞墩是由两件枕木和水泥墩构成,两件枕木分别设置于水泥墩上,枕木之间有木尖和逼件。图1是常用坞墩结构图和船舶进坞的坐墩图。

这种常用的坞墩存在如下缺陷:

(1)木材损耗大。在拆墩过程中通用的办法是用凿子把木尖和逼件凿碎,从而使坞墩高度降低,与船底脱离接触后用卷扬机将其移走,然后进行船底换板作业。在实际操作中,拆一个边墩会凿碎12件木尖和6件逼件,拆一个中墩会凿碎16件木尖和8件逼件,这些被凿碎的木材只能作废,木材损耗很大;

(2)由于坞墩被船体压住,承受很大压力,拆墩需要的时间较长。一般拆卸一个坞墩需要3个人合力拆除2小时,不仅劳动强度大,费时费力,而且拆装效率低,影响船坞的周转;

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