马长旺 郎月婷 郭芮 于靖 杨东梅

摘  要：为探究溪边凤尾蕨的地理分布规律，本文在野外考察的基础上，搜集了世界30个大型植物标本数据库中溪边凤尾蕨的标本采集信息，采用Arc-GIS软件、Excel软件建立溪边凤尾蕨不同地理范围的地理分布图和海拔高度分布图，分析其地理分布与河流分布、气候因素、地形等之间的相关性。结果表明：在世界范围内，亚洲为溪边凤尾蕨分布中心;在亚洲范围内，中国和日本为分布中心;在中国范围内，长江流域附近为分布中心;在日本范围内，中南部沿河地区为分布中心。从气候类型来看，溪边凤尾蕨主要分布在北回归线附近的亚热带季风气候区，少量分布在赤道附近的热带季风气候区和热带雨林气候区，这都表明其喜温暖的环境。同时，其分布地点主要为大陆内部的河流附近、临海地区或者岛屿，表明其喜欢湿润的环境。在海拔分布上，溪边凤尾蕨在洲间、国家间、省区间的海拔分布范围差异明显，这可能与经纬度、地形、细胞型等因素有关。

关键词：溪边凤尾蕨;地理分布格局;Arc-GIS

中图分类号：Q948.2      文献标识码：A

Geographical Distribution Pattern of Pteris terminalis

MA Changwang， LANG Yueting， GUO Rui， YU Jing， YANG Dongmei*

College of Horticulture， Hainan University / Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Plants of Hainan Province， Haikou， Hainan 570228， China

Abstract： In order to explore the geographical distribution of Pteris terminalis， based on field investigations， specimen information of P. terminalis was collected from 30 major plant specimen databases in the world， and was analyzed by Arc-GIS software and Excel software to establish geographic distribution maps and altitude distribution maps. The correlations between the geographic distribution of P. terminalis and the distribution of rivers， climate factors， topography， and so on were discussed. Asia is the distribution center of P. terminalis in the world. China and Japan are its distribution centers in Asia. The vicinity of the Yangtze River is its distribution center in China. The central and southern regions along the river area is its distribution center in Japan. For climate type， P. terminalis is mainly distributed in the subtropical monsoon climate zone near the Tropic of Cancer， and few are distributed in the tropical monsoon climate zone and tropical rain forest climate zone near the equator， indicating that P. terminalis prefers a warm environment. Besides， P. terminalis is mainly distributed near rivers， seaside areas and islands， indicating that it likes a humid environment. In terms of altitude， there are obvious differences in the altitude distribution range of P. terminalis among continents， countries， and provinces， which may be affected by latitude， longitude， topography and cytotypes.

Keywords： Pteris terminalis; geographical distribution pattern; Arc-GIS

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.09.040

鳳尾蕨属（Pteris L.）隶属于凤尾蕨科（Pteridaceae），为蕨类植物中种类繁多的一个大属，在全世界约有300种，产于热带和亚热带地区，南起中国、新西兰、澳大利亚及南非洲，北至日本、韩国、美国及地中海地区[1]。其中，我国为凤尾蕨属植物的分布中心之一，在《中国植物志》中收录有66种，主要分布于华南及西南地区，少数种类向北到达东及秦岭南坡[2]。……