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可可加工中黄烷醇物质组成变化及抗氧化活性分析

2021-11-08房一明李瑞贺书珍朱自慧赵溪竹

热带作物学报 2021年9期

房一明 李瑞 贺书珍 朱自慧 赵溪竹

摘  要:本研究采用高效液相色谱、酶标检测技术,确定可可豆加工过程中黄烷醇类物质组成变化趋势,分析抗氧化活性。在发酵及焙炒阶段检测黄烷醇物质儿茶素(C)、表儿茶素(EC)、表没食子儿茶素(EGC)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯(ECG)、原花青素B1(PC B1)、原花青素B2(PC B2)。结果表明:经7 d发酵各成分含量分别为EGC(8.521~ 3.017 mg/g)、C(15.521~6.633 mg/g)、EC(19.615~3.142 mg/g)、ECG(0.236~0.084 mg/g)、PC B1(19.152~10.774 mg/g)、PC B2(4.254~2.083 mg/g),发酵使得可可豆中儿茶素及低聚物含量大量减少;135 ℃不同时间焙炒下,各物质含量分别为EGC(3.079~2.221 mg/g)、C(8.611~5.143 mg/g)、EC(3.956~0.982 mg/g)、ECG(0.111~0.070 mg/g)、PC B1(10.987~ 8.223 mg/g)、PC B2(2.385~1.534 mg/g)。可可豆在高温焙炒时,DPPH、ABTS自由基清除率呈下降趋势,降低了可可抗氧化活性。研究结果为可可加工提供相关保健功能性的依据。

关键词:可可;发酵和焙烤;黄烷醇物质组成;抗氧化活性

中图分类号:TS274      文献标识码:A

Analysis of Flavanol Compounds Changes and Antioxidant Activity of Cocoa Bean During Processing

FANG Yiming1,2,3,4, LI Rui1,2,3,4, HE Shuzhen1,2,3,4, ZHU Zihui1,2,3,4, ZHAO Xizhu1,2,3,4*

1. Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China; 2. National Center of Important Tropical Crops Engineering and Technology Research, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China; 3. Key Laboratory of Processing Suitability and Quality Control of the Special Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China; 4. Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China

Abstract: In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography and enzyme-labeled detection technology were used to determine the changing trend of flavanols and analyze the antioxidant activity during the processing of cocoa beans. The content of catechin (C), epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (ECG), proanthocyanidin B1 (PC B1), proanthocyanidin B2 (PC B2) during fermentation and roasting were assayed. The content of for EGC, C, EC, ECG, PC B1, PC B2 was 8.521?3.017 mg/g, 15.521?6.633 mg/g, 19.615?3.142 mg/g, 0.236?0.084 mg/g, 19.152?10.774 mg/g, 4.254?2.083 mg/g, respectively during 7 days fermentation. The content of catechins and oligomers greatly reduced in cocoa beans during fermentation. The content of EGC, C, EC, ECG, PC B1, PC B2 was 3.079?2.221 mg/g, 8.611? 5.143 mg/g, 3.956?0.982 mg/g, 0.111?0.070 mg/g, 10.987?8.223 mg/g, 2.385?1.534 mg/g, correspondingly roasted at 135 ℃ for different times. The clearance rates of DPPH and ABTS+? showed a downward trend during high-temperature roasting of cocoa beans. The antioxidant activity has reduced of cocoa bean. This would provide a theoretical basis for related health care functionality on cocoa processing.

Keywords: cocoa bean; fermentation and roasting; flavanol composition; antioxidant activity

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.09.035

可可种子富含油酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸、有机物、矿物质、多聚体单宁、可可碱、黄酮类化合物、膳食纤维等活性成分,研究表明可可具有控制食欲、美肤美容、降脂护心、清口固齿、抗氧化益寿等功效[1],可可制品有“世界零食之王”的美誉,是制作高级饮品、巧克力、糖果、糕点和冰淇淋的主要原料[2-3]。

可可富含多酚,包括低聚体类黄酮物质,其中主要有黄烷醇低聚体–原花青素和单体儿茶素,黄烷醇在可可豆中的含量较其他大多数食物高。主要以EC和C两种单体形式存在,这些单体通过C4和C8键的连接可形成聚合体,这些聚合物称之为原花青素,常见的原花青素以EC聚合为主[4-5]。黄烷醇类化合物是一类广泛存在于天然植物中的多元酚化合物,其中儿茶素(C)和培儿茶素(GC)是具有代表性的黄烷醇类化合物。……

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