王胜曼 张华兴 王宇航

摘要： 滚动轴承是机械传动系统中重要的零部件，其动态性能直接影响运转精度。本文以6210滚动轴承为研究对象，利用UGNX软件对其进行三维建模并在高级仿真环境下，利用SEMODES-103解算方案，对滚动轴承无约束状态、内圈双边固定约束状态、外圈双边固定约束状态、内外圈各一端固定状态等四种情况进行有限元仿真，求解模态振型。结果发现自由模态的振动频率最低，最容易发生共振现象。内外圈双边固定振动频率最高，不容易发生共振现象。外圈双边固定振动频率高于内圈双边固定频率。在此基础上对于研究结果从模态分析理论角度进行了合理解释。此研究结论为改善高转速滚动轴承的振动特性提供了参考依据。

Abstract： Rolling bearings are important parts in mechanical transmission systems， and their dynamic performance directly affects running accuracy. This paper takes 6210 rolling bearing as the research object， uses UGNX software to make three-dimensional modeling for it， and uses SEMODES-103 solution in advanced simulation environment to control the rolling bearing unconstrained state， inner ring bilateral fixed constraint state， and outer ring bilateral fixed constraint The finite element simulation is carried out in four situations， namely the state and the fixed state of each end of the inner and outer rings， and the modal vibration shape is solved. It was found that the free mode has the lowest vibration frequency， and resonance is the most prone to occur. The bilateral fixed vibration frequency of the inner and outer rings is the highest， and resonance is not easy to occur. The bilateral fixed vibration frequency of the outer ring is higher than the bilateral fixed frequency of the inner ring. On this basis， the research results are reasonably explained from the perspective of modal analysis theory. This research conclusion provides a reference for improving the vibration characteristics of high-speed rolling bearings.

关键词： 滚动轴承;模态分析;振型图;有限元仿真

Key words： rolling bearing;modal analysis;mode diagram;finite element simulation

中图分类号：TH133.31                                      文献标识码：A                                  文章编号：1674-957X（2021）21-0068-04

0  引言

滚动轴承是机械传动系统中重要的零部件，运转精度高，启动阻力小。安装于变速箱箱体上或轴承座孔中，对旋转轴起支撑作用同时提高轴的运转精度。在高速、高精度、大功率机械中滚动轴承的动态特性直接影响着机械系统的运转精度和正常运行。因此对滚动轴承进行自由模态和约束模态分析是避免轴承共振提高运转精度的有效措施。

近年来不少学者对于滚动轴承动态特性做了一些研究，并取得了一定的研究成果。邱海飞撰写的薄壁深沟球轴承模态特性分析一文，对SKF61808薄壁深沟球轴承和6208轴承在自由模态和约束模态两方面做了比较研究，结果发现外圈约束振动频率高于内圈约束振动频率，两种约束的结果均高于自由模态振动频率。……