魏秀红 邹佳辉 刘艳楠 马寿鹏 张欣怡 何燕 王龙

摘 要 通过对酒泉市3个啄木鸟放飞试验点及周边林场、村组、公园内引进的啄木鸟进行生物学特征、生存情况、鸟巢数量变化、啄痕数量变化、繁衍情况、分布范围以及对环境的适应性的调查，结果表明：人工引进的啄木鸟在肃州区能够存活，并能够成功繁衍下一代;鸟巢数量、啄痕数量逐年增加，啄木鸟分布范围逐渐扩大。啄木种群扩繁情况良好，人工引进的啄木鸟对肃州区环境的适应性较强。

关键词 啄木鸟;黄斑星天牛;适应性

中图分类号：S763.306.4 文献标识码：A doi：10.13601/j.issn.1005-5215.2021.05.006

Abstract The biological characteristics，survival conditions，changes in the number of bird's nests，changes in the number of peck marks，and reproduction of the introduced woodpeckers were investigated at the three woodpecker release test sites in surrounding forest farms，village groups，and parks in Jiuquan City.Result shows that the artificially introduced woodpeckers can survive in Suzhou District and can successfully reproduce the next generation;the number of bird nests and pecking marks has increased year by year，and the distribution range of woodpeckers has gradually expanded. It shows that the population of woodpeckers is increasing year by year，and the population expansion is good. The artificially introduced woodpeckers are highly adaptable to the environment of Suzhou District.

Key words woodpecker; Monochamus alternatus;adaptability

杨树是酒泉农田防护林的主要树种，近年受黄斑星天牛的危害，严重降低了农田防护效益，对酒泉市林业和生态安全造成巨大威胁。虽然采用了一系列综合防控措施，取得了较好的防治成效，但很难形成持续稳定的局面。天敌防治是害虫生物防治方法之一，绿色环保，对害虫的发生发展具有长期抑制作用[1-4]。啄木鸟是黄斑星天牛的主要天敌，对黄斑星天牛具有很好的控制作用，一对啄木鸟可以保护13.3 hm2林地，并可保证这片林地的黄斑星天牛不会成灾。2017年6月，酒泉市林果服务中心技术人员对啄木鸟人为引种成功，并开始对3个放飞试验点的啄木鸟进行了适应性调查。

1 材料与方法

1.1 调查样地概况

对酒泉市肃州区禹苑、西汉胜迹及清水镇梧桐苑3个啄木鸟放飞试验点及周边林场、村组、公园开展了调查，均为黄斑星天牛危害中、重度区域，主要树种为二白杨、新疆杨、柳树、槐树等黄斑星天牛嗜好树种。……