陈雄弟

摘 要 为提高油茶产量和果实的经济性状，促进油茶经济林的健康发展，以5年生油茶经济林为试验对象，研究了不同覆盖措施（稻草秸秆、黑色地膜、油茶壳覆盖）对油茶产量和果实经济性状的影响。结果表明：覆盖措施能够促进油茶树体的生长发育，提高油茶单果质量、单株果实数量和产量，以黑色地膜覆盖处理效果最佳。与对照相比，单株产量增加了45.41%，种仁出油率增加了7.33%，鲜果出油率增加了16.38%，并显著降低了鲜籽含水量，促进了油茶树体的生长，增加了叶面积。因此，黑色地膜覆盖可作为油茶提质增产的有效抚育措施进行推廣应用。

关键词 油茶;抚育措施;覆盖;地膜

中图分类号：S794.4 文献标识码：A doi：10.13601/j.issn.1005-5215.2021.05.003

Abstract In order to improve the output of Camellia oleifera and the economic characteristics of its fruit，and promote the healthy development of the economic forest of Camellia oleifera，taking the 5-year-old economic forest of Camellia oleifera as the research object，the effects of different mulching measures （straw，black mulch film，mulching of camellia husk） on the yield and economic characteristics of fruit of the economic forest of Camellia oleifera were studied. Result shows that：mulching can promote the growth and development of Camellia oleifera ，increase the single fruit weight，the number and yield of Camellia oleifera ，and increase the economic characteristics of Camellia oleifera fruit. The black mulching treatment has the optimal effect. Compared with the control treatment，the yield per plant increase by 45.41%，the oil yield of kernels increase by 7.33%，the oil yield of fresh fruits increase by 16.38%，and the yield of fresh and dried seeds increase significantly，reducing the moisture content of fresh seeds and promoting the growth of Camellia oleifera and increasing leaf area. Therefore，the black mulching film can be used as an effective cultivation measure for improving the quality and yield of Camellia oleifera.

Key words Camellia oleifera;tending measures;mulching;mulching film

油茶（Camellia spp.），别名茶子树，属山茶科山茶属（Camellia），是我国特有的木本食用油料树种[1]。油茶喜温暖、湿润的气候，广泛分布于我国南方亚热带地区，具有美化环境、涵养水源、保持水土等重要生态价值[2]。目前，我国油茶经济林种植面积约370万hm2，年产茶油约22万t。近年来，随着供给侧结构改革的推进，油茶产业快速发展，油茶经济林的面积逐渐提升，但因疏于管理，部分地区油茶经济林栽培区水土流失严重，油茶效益降低，严重影响林农发展油茶的积极性，阻碍了油茶产业的健康发展[3，4]。油茶虽然也是较耐寒的树种，但在花芽分化期、油脂转化期等对水分很敏感，此阶段如果缺水就会导致养分无法正常运输，影响油茶的正常生长[5，6]。我国南方油茶种植区多为红壤土，土壤黏性较大、易板结，而且土壤结构不佳、土壤理化性质较差，养分含量低，不利于根系对养分的吸收。……