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砂铁矿废弃地恢复中5种锦鸡儿属植物的出苗和生长

2021-11-07王璐瑶赵晓英王伍哈斯铁尔·那比汗朱成林

防护林科技 2021年5期

王璐瑶 赵晓英 王伍 哈斯铁尔·那比汗 朱成林

摘 要 为促进砂铁矿废弃地植被恢复,将5种锦鸡儿属植物种子播撒于新疆青河县砂铁矿废弃地的平地和阳坡,并对出苗、幼苗存活和生长情况进行观测。结果表明:(1)春季在平地上荒漠锦鸡儿(Caragana roborovskyi)出苗率最高(44%),阳坡的树锦鸡儿(C. arborescens)出苗率最高(51%),说明荒漠锦鸡儿和树锦鸡儿在春季温度回升时,可利用春季融雪水萌发出苗。(2)平地的白皮锦鸡儿(C. leucophloea)和荒漠锦鸡儿幼苗存活率较高(90%~93%),阳坡的柠条锦鸡儿(C. korshinskii)、树锦鸡儿和荒漠锦鸡儿幼苗存活率较高(96%~100%),说明这4种锦鸡儿幼苗耐干旱,在经历夏季高温和干旱后,仍可存活。(3)5种锦鸡儿属植物幼苗在平地上的株高为2~4 cm,柠条锦鸡儿幼苗在阳坡的株高达11 cm,其他4种野生锦鸡儿属植物生长极慢,不适宜在该采矿废弃地植被恢复中应用。

关键词 采矿废弃地;锦鸡属植物;播种;植被恢复

中图分类号:S725.72 文献标识码:A doi:10.13601/j.issn.1005-5215.2021.05.002

Abstract To explore the treatment of abandoned mines,five Caragana seeds were sown in November 2018 on the flat ground and sunny slope of the sand iron mine wasteland in Qinghe County,Xinjiang. Emergence and seedling survival were monitored.Result shows that:(1) Emergence percentage (44%) of C. roborovskyi is highest in spring on the flat ground. On the sunny slope,the emergence of C. arborescens is 51%. (2) C. roborovskyi and C. leucophloea shows that higher seedling rate (90%-93%) on the flat ground,and C. korshinskii ,C. roborovskyi ,C. arborescens shows the highest seedling survival rate (96%-100%) on sunny slope. (3) On the flat ground,the seedling heights of five Caragana species are 2-4 cm. On the sunny slope,the height of C. korshinskii seedlings reach 11 cm. Grow is very slowly for the four Caragana spp. and are not suitable for revegetation in the abandoned mining land,except Caragana korshinskii .

Key words abandoned mining land; Caragana spp.;seedling;vegetation restoration

种子萌发出苗和幼苗存活是植物生活史中极为重要的阶段,决定着植物种群更新和扩展等关键环节[1]。种子萌发出苗极易受到外界环境因子的影响,如温度、土壤水分、立地条件及土壤质地等[2,3]。阿拉伯干旱地区的3种金合欢属(Acacia spp.)灌木种子在沙质平地的出苗率高,而在缓坡裸地无种子萌发[2]。古尔班通古特沙漠的梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)在丘间平地的存活率比沙丘阳坡的存活率高10%[4]。柠条锦鸡儿在沙坡头试验站的沙丘基部和丘间谷地的存活率高,存活率为10%~50%[5]。种子萌发出苗和幼苗存活还与季节变化有关,西班牙半干旱地区的半日花属灌木(Helianthemum squamatum)种子在2月的出苗率达到87%,4月和5月出苗率分别为3%和2%[6]。……

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