杨雪　俞海萍

[摘要]目的：探索并深入了解微整形患者的就医动机和术后体验。方法：采用目的抽样法选择2019年6月-2019年9月于医院进行微整形的25例患者为研究对象，采用半结构式访谈，运用质性研究中的现象学研究方法及Colaizzi分析法对转录资料进行分析。结果：微整形患者就医动机方面得出5个主题：①提高社交自信心;②维系婚姻稳定，提升择偶成功率;③修复自我体像障碍;④增加入职和事业发展成功率;⑤取悦自己，是生活品质的一种体现。患者术后体验方面得出4个主题：①对手术效果不满意;②渴望预期效果确定且持久;③渴望得到专业指导;④对新角色的适应。结论：医护人员应及时评估微整形患者的就医动机，做好深入沟通，帮助患者选择合适的方案，并对术后患者进行持续性的随访，了解患者术后身心照护需求，及时提供帮助，促进患者康复。

[关键词]微整形;美容整形;就医动机;术后体验;质性研究

[中图分类号]R395    [文献标志码]B    [文章编号]1008-6455（2021）09-0170-04

Qualitative Study on Medical Motivation and Postoperative Experience of Patients with Micro-plastic Surgery

YANG Xue1，YU Hai-ping2

（1.Department of Anesthesiology;2.Department of Nursing，East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University，Shanghai 200123，China）

Abstract： Objective  To explore and deeply understand the medical motivation and postoperative experience of patients with micro-plastic surgery. Methods  The purpose sampling method was used to select 25 patients who underwent micro-plastic surgery in the hospital from June 2019 to September 2019 as the research objects. Semi-structured interviews were used， and the phenomenological research methods in the qualitative research and the Colaizzi analysis method were used to analyze the transcription data. Results  Five themes were drawn from the motivation of micro-plastic surgery patients to seek medical treatment： ①improve social self-confidence; ②maintain marriage stability and increase the success rate of spouse selection; ③repair self-body image barriers; ④increase employment and career development success rate; ⑤please oneself， a manifestation of the quality of life. In terms of postoperative experience of patients， four themes were drawn： ①dissatisfaction with the results of surgery; ②eagerness for the expected results to be confirmed and lasting; ③eagerness for professional guidance; ④adaptation to new roles. Conclusion  Medical staff should promptly assess the motivation of patients with micro-plastic surgery， communicate in depth， help patients choose appropriate options， and follow up patients after surgery to understand their needs for postoperative physical and mental care， and provide timely help and promote them recovers.

Key words： micro-plastic surgery; cosmetic plastic surgery; medical motivation; postoperative experience; qualitative research

微整形又叫微创（mini-invasive）整形，是指较常规或传统手术创伤小的一切整形美容操作，如内窥镜下隆乳术、小切口除皱、吸脂术，激光去瘢痕、去色素以及填充物注射、自体脂肪移植、肉毒毒素注射等[1-2]。微整形最直接的特点是非大型手术，更加安全，伤口微小不易察觉，恢复期短。微整形以其优势逐渐成为一种新时尚。但在美容整形盛行的同时，美容整形的纠纷和案件更需要被重视。2020年1月17日中国消费者协会公布的《2019年中国消协组织受理消费者投诉情况》显示，医疗美容和整形服务被投诉的案件分别有6 138件和1 187件，其中涉及质量方面的案件分别有1 427件和167件。……