针灸防治术后恶心呕吐的研究概况
2021-10-14刘美丁林凤飞
刘美丁 林凤飞
【摘要】术后恶心呕吐(Postoperative nausea and vomiting,PONV)成为现如今最常见的手术并发症之一,防治PONV的方法主要有药物治疗和非药物治疗。药物治疗常存在相关药物副作用,寻求绿色、高效、无毒副作用的治疗手段是很有必要的。在中医学中,针灸作为治疗呕吐的一种方法已有多年历史,在防治PONV方面有其自身的优势。
【关键词】术后恶心呕吐;针灸;防治;穴位
【中图分类号】R246 【文献标志码】 A【文章编号】1007-8517(2021)23-0071-04
Research Progress on Prevention and Treatment of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting by Acupuncture
LIU Meiding1LIN Fengfei2*
1.Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University,Fuzhou 350007, China
Abstract:Nowadays,postoperative nausea and vomiting has become one of the most common surgical complications.The prevention and treatment of PONV included drug treatment and non-drug treatment.Drug therapy often has related drug side effects,so it is necessary to seek a green,efficient and non-toxic treatment.In the traditional Chinese medicine,acupuncture as a treatment of vomiting has a long history.It also has its own advantages in prevented and cured for PONV.
Key words:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV);Acupuncture;Prevention and Treatment;Acupoints
疼痛和恶心呕吐是术后较常见的并发症,而随着止痛药及患者术后自控镇痛(Patient controlled analgesia, PCA)的运用以及发展,术后疼痛基本已得到解决,但PONV发生率高且困扰着病患[1],同时也是麻醉过程中需要关注的一个问题。单纯西药止吐药对于PONV的防治效果不甚理想且不良反应多。PONV不但降低了患者围手术期的生活质量,不易于患者术后康复,而且还延长住院时间且增加医疗费用[2]。目前患者对针灸的接受度高,在PONV的防治中的使用度逐渐被提高。针灸刺激机体免疫调节功能,反馈至大脑呕吐中枢;使内啡肽释放从而达到止吐效果[3];也可通过神经-内分泌系统调节,影响5-HT3转运。临床常用选内关、合谷、足三里,三阴交等穴位。
1 作用机制
PONV是指术后24h内发生的恶心呕吐,有研究指出PONV的发生率为20%~80%[4]。PONV的发生机制主要与两个方面有关,一是PONV的神经传导通路,另外则与其有关的各种受体和神经递质。呕吐中心位于延髓。脑干中化学感受器催吐区,高级中枢边缘等参与发生呕吐的过程。术后各种刺激传入呕吐中枢,呕吐中枢发出冲动,通过交感神经对呕吐效应器产生作用,呕吐便会产生[5]。……
